{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:00:52Z","timestamp":1792324852233,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and\/or non-exercise control (CON) for modification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and other cardiometabolic health outcomes in individuals with MetS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five databases were searched from inception to March 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study appraisal and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HIIT with MICT\/CON were performed for components of MetS (waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (BG)) and clinically relevant cardiometabolic health parameters. Subgroup moderator analyses were conducted based on the intervention duration and HIIT volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 4819 studies, 23 RCTs involving 1374 participants were included (mean age: 46.2\u201367.0 years, 55% male). HIIT significantly improved WC (weighted mean difference (WMD) \u20134.12\u2009cm, 95% CI \u20134.71 to \u20133.53), SBP (WMD \u20136.05\u2009mm Hg, 95% CI \u20138.11 to \u20134.00), DBP (WMD \u20133.68\u2009mm Hg, 95% CI \u20135.70 to \u20131.65), HDL-C (WMD 0.12\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.20), TG (WMD \u20130.34\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI \u20130.41 to \u20130.27) and BG (WMD \u20130.35\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI \u20130.54 to \u20130.16) compared with CON (all p&lt;0.01). HIIT approaches demonstrated comparable effects to MICT across all parameters. Subgroup analyses suggested that HIIT protocols with low volume (ie, &lt;15\u2009min of high-intensity exercise per session) were not inferior to higher volume protocols for improving MetS components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review supports HIIT as an efficacious exercise strategy for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with MetS. Low-volume HIIT appears to be a viable alternative to traditional forms of aerobic exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T13:21:02Z","timestamp":1725974462000},"page":"1267-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Tsz-Chun","family":"Poon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waris","family":"Wongpipit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Unit for Sports Management & Physical Activity Policy (RU-SMPAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Yat","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6821-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Heung-Sang","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parco M","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Pik-Shan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3874-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan A","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1328"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109924"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111872","article-title":"Early-Life Origins of Metabolic Syndrome: mechanisms and Preventive Aspects","volume":"22","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944717711379"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071652","article-title":"Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Myers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1365761","article-title":"Physical activity in metabolic syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Chomiuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025080115092796000_58.21.1267.9","unstructured":"ACSM . 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