{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:19:58Z","timestamp":1789579198674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inclusion of transgender athletes in competitive sports has promoted significant dialogue and controversy among exercise-related professionals. The objective of this study was to investigate body composition, exercise-related performance parameters and associated health-related factors of transgender women (TW), cisgender women (CW) and cisgender men (CM) amateur volleyball players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a cross-sectional study comprising TW, CW and CM amateur volleyball players eligible with the following characteristics: \u2018gender incongruent\u2019 (for TW only); age between 18 and 35 years; body mass index (BMI) between 18.0 and 29.9\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; \u2018very active\u2019 according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and engaged in regular volleyball training for at least 1 year. All participants were assessed for body composition, blood biomarkers, handgrip strength, countermovement jump height (CMJ), squat jump height (SQJ) and maximum oxygen consumption (V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      69 amateur volleyball players were initially evaluated, but only 23 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study (7 TW, 8 CW and 8 CM). Age (p=0.07) and BMI (p=0.26) were similar between groups. Estradiol (p=0.47), total testosterone (p=1.00) and haemoglobin (p=1.00) levels did not differ between TW and CW. However, analysis not adjusted by confounding variables showed that CM presented higher testosterone levels (p&lt;0.001), haemoglobin levels (p=0.03), lean body mass (p=0.03), handgrip strength (p&lt;0.001), CMJ (p&lt;0.001), SQJ (p=0.012) and V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                      (mL\/min) (p=0.001) compared with TW. When adjusted by confounding variables, all p values were &lt;0.05, except for SQJ (p=0.062).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TW athletes displayed similar exercise performance and biomarkers compared with CW but lower results compared with CM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T13:20:44Z","timestamp":1739884844000},"page":"1073-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Body composition, exercise-related performance parameters and associated health factors of transgender women, cisgender women and cisgender men volleyball 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