{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:40:27Z","timestamp":1784943627816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCH-2020-0403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCH-2020-0403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT2008523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2008523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knee crepitus, the audible crackling or grinding noise during knee movement, can be experienced across the lifespan and create concern for underlying pathology. Our systematic review aims to provide a summary estimate of knee crepitus prevalence and its association with structural pathology among the general population and across knee conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies evaluating knee crepitus prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>103 studies involving 36\u2009439 participants (42\u2009816 knees) were included. Based on very low certainty evidence, the pooled prevalence of knee crepitus in the general population was 41% (7609 knees; 95% CI 36% to 45%; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=92.6%); in pain-free persons 36% (852 knees; 95% CI 23% to 50%; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=91.9%), and in those with osteoarthritis (OA) 81% (18 821 knees; 95% CI 75% to 87%; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=97.9%). Across other musculoskeletal knee conditions, the pooled prevalence of knee crepitus ranged from 35% (ligament injury; 2740 knees; 95% CI 27% to 44%; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=95.6%) to 61% (cartilage pathology; 1445 knees; 95% CI 40% to 81%; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=98.2%). There was low to very low certainty evidence of an association between knee crepitus and radiographic OA (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.99 to 7.24; 1725 knees; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=53.0%) and several OA-related features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this review, knee crepitus was prevalent in the general population, pain-free persons, those with knee OA and other musculoskeletal knee conditions. Knee crepitus was associated with a more than threefold increased odds of radiographic OA diagnosis and several OA-related MRI features. The low to very low certainty of evidence informing our aggregated prevalence estimates and association outcomes suggest that results should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T13:25:40Z","timestamp":1728307540000},"page":"126-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Noisy knees - knee crepitus prevalence and association with structural pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6481-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamon L","family":"Couch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0470-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew G","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0753-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"De Oliveira Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6591-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie L","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M","family":"Bruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Serighelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7982-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G","family":"Culvenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2018.09.009"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.07.007"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.06.002"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.09.003"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.02.008"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113100"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70001-5"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B2.3818762","article-title":"Vibration arthrography as a diagnostic aid in diseases of the knee. A preliminary report","volume":"69-B","author":"McCoy","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.01.012"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.01.026"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-00975-3","article-title":"How are systematic reviews of prevalence conducted? A methodological study","volume":"20","author":"Borges Migliavaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1082-989X.3.4.486"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106099"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23246"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4050","article-title":"Biomechanical factors and physical examination findings in osteoarthritis of the knee: associations with tissue abnormalities assessed by conventional radiography and high-resolution 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"14","author":"Knoop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2022.1534","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging as a structural refinement to the American College of Rheumathology clinical classification criteria for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"74","author":"Minetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.24","first-page":"121","article-title":"Auscultation of joints","volume":"19","author":"Steindler","year":"1937","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.25","first-page":"496","article-title":"What is patellofemoral crepitus","volume":"68","author":"Beverland","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.26","unstructured":"Hueter C . Grundriss Der Chirurgie 2nd ed. FCW Vogel, 1882."},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2018.10.1.1","article-title":"Noise around the Knee","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.492"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2023.2215317"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01134-2","article-title":"Osteochondritis dissecans of the temporomandibular joint: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"De Nordenflycht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.31","first-page":"239","article-title":"Association between temporomandibular joint symptoms, signs, and clinical diagnosis using the RDC\/TMD and radiographic findings in temporomandibular joint tomograms","volume":"22","author":"Wiese","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.03.029"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099257"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1793"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225041"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19675"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095424"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.06.011"},{"key":"2025080113010297000_59.2.126.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106299"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T20:01:15Z","timestamp":1754078475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108866","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]}}}