{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T23:44:04Z","timestamp":1794440644955,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may be an efficacious adjunctive treatment option for musculoskeletal injuries, current research is limited by significant heterogeneity within treatment protocols. This study aims to establish international expert consensus recommendations on ESWT terminology, parameters, procedural considerations, contraindications and side effects in the application of ESWT to sports injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed on the use of ESWT for musculoskeletal and sports medicine injuries to identify potential panellists, followed by the development of a steering committee-led questionnaire. A three-stage, modified Delphi questionnaire was provided to a panel of 41 international clinical and research experts across 13 countries. Panellists had the opportunity to suggest edits to existing statements or recommend additional statements in Round 1. Consensus was defined as\u226575% agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 41 panellists completed Rounds 1, 2 and 3. Consensus was reached on 69\/118 statements (58.5%), including recommendations on terminology and fundamental concepts, indications for use, procedural aspects for tendinopathy and bone pathologies, treatment correlations with imaging, periprocedural and postprocedural considerations, absolute and relative contraindications and potential side effects. Of the 49 statements that did not reach consensus, 17\/49 (34.7%) were related to procedural aspects of bone pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This international panel presents recommendations on ESWT terminology, indications and treatment considerations to guide ESWT use and decision-making by sports medicine clinicians. While our panel supported the use of ESWT in the treatment of bone pathologies, certain procedural aspects of ESWT specific to these injuries did not reach consensus and require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T12:15:19Z","timestamp":1741004119000},"page":"1287-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Recommendations for use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in sports medicine: an international modified Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hye Chang","family":"Rhim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mani","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5327-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Maffulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bay Area Surgical Specialists, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bosque University Medical School, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Gerdesmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University Munich, Munchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Quirolgico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Campbell Clinic\/University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Furia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WellSpan Orthopedics, Lewisburg PA, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zwerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gelderse Vallei Hospital and Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-De","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Jarnagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayle E","family":"Noble-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazem","family":"Alkhawashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice W","family":"Blatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Borg-Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Regenerative Institute, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Running Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Conenello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orangetown Podiatry, Orangeburg, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9826-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Fredericson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W","family":"Fullem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elite Sports Podiatry, Clearwater, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Gravare Silbernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena J","family":"Jelsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Orthopedics and Spine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Meron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan V","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Raiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W","family":"Ratcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menlo Medical Clinic, Menlo Park, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Orthohealing Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Sports Podiatry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac P","family":"Syrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Joint Center, Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital, Funabashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F","family":"Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Shockwave Center, Petach Tikva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Soo Hoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam S","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School\/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00232-1"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107567"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518801914"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510379324"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120930567","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of Nonsurgical Therapies for the Treatment of Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review With Network Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Rhim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhim HC , Shin J , Beling A , et al . Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JBJS Rev 2024;12. doi:10.2106\/jbjs.Rvw.24.00091","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.24.00091"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.7","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis","volume":"11","author":"Rhim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080885","article-title":"Outcomes Using Focused Shockwave for Treatment of Bone Stress Injury in Runners","volume":"10","author":"Beling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.081992"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000851"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.02.008"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X180408"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B3.11609"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(02)80005-9"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-008-0156-2"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.16","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pain-Relieving Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: A Focus on Fascia Nociceptors","volume":"12","author":"Ryskalin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12790"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta2030"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01567.x"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-021-00608-5","article-title":"Even experts cannot agree on the optimal use of platelet-rich plasma in lateral elbow tendinopathy: an international Delphi study","volume":"22","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105384"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.35256","article-title":"Physical Therapy Interventions for the Management of Biceps Tendinopathy: An International Delphi Study","volume":"17","author":"McDevitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004326","article-title":"ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document): A reporting guideline for consensus methods in biomedicine developed via a modified Delphi","volume":"21","author":"Gattrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004390","article-title":"ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) explanation and elaboration: Guidance and examples to support reporting consensus methods","volume":"21","author":"Logullo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NXN.0b013e31825e8923"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120907343","article-title":"An Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of Large Chondral and Osteochondral Defects in the Patellofemoral Joint","volume":"8","author":"Chahla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967121991213","article-title":"Standardizing the Diagnostic Evaluation of Nonarthritic Hip Pain Through the Delphi Method","volume":"9","author":"McClincy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13107\/jrs.2021.v01.i01.005"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00661"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B3.8434"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2009-3"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.01.025"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00456-5","article-title":"Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Mid-portion and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"8","author":"Paantjens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097347"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506297540"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00352-y","article-title":"Bone stress injuries","volume":"8","author":"Hoenig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3616"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-23-58","article-title":"The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use on soft tissue and bone healing in the knee: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Solaiman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Jt"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556056","DOI":"10.19080\/OROAJ.2023.21.556056","article-title":"Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for a Focal Musculoskeletal Complaint in Patients with Rheumatic Disease: A Cases Series","volume":"21","author":"H Yun","year":"2023","journal-title":"OROAJ"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-018-0729-y"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1214"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12347"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/rhe.1995.0008"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15368378.2022.2079672"},{"key":"2025121506050924000_59.18.1287.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.08.027"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1765807544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}}}