{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:41Z","timestamp":1787162381793,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the occurrence and inciting events of hamstring injuries (HSIs) in elite women\u2019s football through video analysis, describing the mechanism, situational patterns and biomechanics of the sport-specific activities performed before and at the time of injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive observational study was conducted using video analysis of HSIs from top national and international women\u2019s football competitions across seven seasons (2017\/2018 to 2023\/2024). Three raters independently categorised HSIs following the Football Injury Inciting Circumstances Classification System and analysed joint and trunk kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 109 identified HSIs, 57 (52%) were eligible for analysis. Most injuries (74%) were non-contact, with 51% occurring during running and 49% during stretch-type movements, including kicking and duelling. These patterns involved ball interaction in 68% and duels in 51% of cases. Injuries predominantly occurred in offensive situations (72%), with moderate to high horizontal speed and minimal vertical movement. Biomechanical analysis indicated frequent knee extension and hip flexion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HSIs in women\u2019s football predominantly occur during movements with high eccentric demand of the hamstring muscles, with non-contact mechanisms being most common. HSIs are not solely linked to high-speed running but can also occur during propulsion and braking phases, or overstretching activities with an open or closed kinetic chain. HSIs often resulted from complex movements involving multiple tasks simultaneously under high physical and mental demands, in unpredictable and evolving scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1749398415000},"page":"1278-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Systematic video analysis of 57 hamstring injuries in women\u2019s football (soccer): injury mechanisms, situational patterns and biomechanics"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2502-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Ranzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Della Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Research Department, sokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0649-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Zago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097395"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095850"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02008-1"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100098"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00861.x"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105177"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513518741"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01411-8"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2022.04.003"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107133"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-001010","article-title":"Association of the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification and anatomic location with return to full training and reinjury following hamstring injury in elite football","volume":"7","author":"Shamji","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2024.2305389"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095359"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12860"},{"key":"2025121506050911000_59.18.1278.15","unstructured":"Bradley PS , Scott D . 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