{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:22:11Z","timestamp":1777526531633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate global cardiac screening practices among elite male and female football players.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We surveyed all 211 FIFA Member Associations (MAs) between February and July 2024 using a 21-point questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 165\/211 (78%) MAs completed the survey. Cardiac screening was recommended or mandated by 81% (134\/165) of responding MAs, with a variation between FIFA Confederations ranging from 33% (3\/9 of MAs within the Oceania Football Confederation) to 100% (10\/10 MAs within the South American Football Confederation). The majority of MAs use a protocol inclusive of at least medical history, physical examination and 12-lead ECG for adult male (123\/134, 92%), adult female (119\/134, 89%), youth male (112\/134, 84%) and youth female (108\/134, 81%) players. The inclusion of echocardiography was more common among adult male (91\/134, 68%) and female (84\/134, 63%) players compared with youth male (59\/134, 44%) and youth female players (59\/134, 44%). Among youth players, the age at initial cardiac screening (median age (IQR)=14 (4) years, range: 6\u201317 years) and the interval of serial screening were highly variable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Routine cardiac screening is widely, but not uniformly, applied across football associations globally. There is considerable variation in cardiac screening practices based on geography and player age, suggesting that standardised global recommendations for cardiac screening in both adult and youth football are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T17:23:12Z","timestamp":1757352192000},"page":"1410-1417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global cardiac screening practices among youth and adult football players: the FIFA cardiac screening survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5750-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Egger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4308-901X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Serner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIFA Medical, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Franco","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mary\u2019s University Faculty of Sport Technology and Health Sciences, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIFA Medical, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-932X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIFA Medical, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3425-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2042-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron L","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology (CHUV) and Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi108"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096781"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy730"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b7332c"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00008"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316676042"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.7","unstructured":"World Rugby . Player welfare guidelines. Available: https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/the-game\/player-welfare\/guidelines\/cardiac"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b21b6e"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090374"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2021.05.003","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines on Sports Cardiology and Exercise in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"74","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313506549"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40138-020-00214-5"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","article-title":"Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)","volume":"6","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2024.2388190","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour around concussion at the FIFA Women\u2019s World Cup 2023: part 1 - medical staff","volume":"9","author":"Wilke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Med Footb"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.034"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.16","first-page":"e716","article-title":"Clinical Considerations for Competitive Sports Participation for Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology","volume":"151","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109751"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx532"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.02.009"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319890973","article-title":"Screening young athletes for diseases at risk of sudden cardiac death: role of stress testing for ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"27","author":"Zorzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01426-1","article-title":"Understanding inequities in health and health systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: a thematic series","volume":"20","author":"Ruano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102368"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107357"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1438","article-title":"Trends of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Death Among Children and Young Adults","volume":"140","author":"El-Assaad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101005100796000_59.20.1410.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad017"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1760098231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-109949","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]}}}