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based on age, biological sex and body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hips with no RHOA at baseline and with available follow-up during 4\u20138 years were selected from the Worldwide Collaboration on Osteoarthritis PrediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium. Alpha angles were uniformly measured on anteroposterior radiographs, with a threshold of 60\n                      <jats:sup>\u00b0<\/jats:sup>\n                      used to define cam morphology. Incident RHOA was defined as the transition from an RHOA-free state at baseline to definite diagnosis of RHOA at follow-up. The association between baseline cam morphology and the development of RHOA was assessed using a three-level mixed-effects logistic regression model, accounting for hip side, individual and cohort-level variation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 23\u2009886 hips were included (mean age: 62.2\u00b18.4 years; 70.6% female; BMI: 27.4\u00b14.5; mean time to follow-up: 6.1\u00b13.0 years). Cam morphology was associated with RHOA (OR: 1.87, 95%\u2009CI 1.36 to 2.59), as was a greater alpha angle (OR 1.02, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.03 for every degree increase). The overall relative risk of developing RHOA in hips with cam morphology was 1.62 (95%CI 1.26 to 2.07), greatest for those aged 51\u201360 years (2.15, 95%\u2009CI 1.55 to 2.98) and higher in males (2.50, 95%\u2009CI 1.67 to 3.73), compared with females (1.75,95%\u2009CI 1.24 to 2.48).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hips with cam morphology have higher odds of developing RHOA within 4\u20138 years compared with hips without cam morphology. The relative risk was highest in subgroups of participants aged 51\u201360 years and in males, making cam morphology a potential target for primary or secondary prevention of RHOA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:35:15Z","timestamp":1764333315000},"page":"28-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cam morphology and the risk of developing radiographic hip osteoarthritis within 8 years: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 23 886 hips from the world COACH consortium"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinchi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fleur","family":"Boel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel MA","family":"van Buuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noortje S","family":"Riedstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrthe A","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harbeer","family":"Ahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel K","family":"Arden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sita M A","family":"Bierma-Zeinstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy G","family":"Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Cicutini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Cootes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay M","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T","family":"Felson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem-Paul","family":"Gielis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua J","family":"Heerey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 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Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Britt","family":"Mosler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian IOC Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda E","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 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femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: part 1-definitions, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099328"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096743"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001199","article-title":"Cam morphology is associated with MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears: a case-control study of 237 young adult football players with and without hip and groin pain","volume":"7","author":"Heerey","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241256123","article-title":"The Association Between the Development of Cam Morphology During Skeletal Growth in High-Impact Athletes and the Presence of Cartilage Loss and Labral Damage in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study With a 12-Year Follow-up","volume":"52","author":"Claes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14313","article-title":"A prospective cohort study on cam morphology and its role in progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Ahedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026011501501137000_60.1.28.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39929","article-title":"Cam Deformity and Acetabular Dysplasia as Risk Factors for Hip Osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Saberi Hosnijeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis 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