{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:15:17Z","timestamp":1790612117012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007291","name":"SUVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007291","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["320030_184959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_184959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University Clinic Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Endoclinic, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018402","name":"Schweizerische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Orthop\u00e4die und Traumotologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Hospital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Medicine University, Berlin, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate patients\u2019 sports activities prior to and after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) and to better understand the relationship between patient, injury and sport-specific factors and return to sport (RTS) after ARCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a part of the ARCR_Pred multicentre cohort study, patients from 19 centres undergoing primary ARCR for partial or complete rotator cuff tears between June 2020 and November 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Only patients who participated in sports prior to the injury were included. Injury characteristics, sports activity, sociodemographic, psychological and rehabilitation-specific factors, including the ability to return to any sport, were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months. Prognostic factors for full RTS were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 725 eligible patients, 37.2% were female, and the mean age was 57.7 years. Among all eligible patients, 57.4% achieved full RTS at 24 months, and 43.8% returned to their primary preinjury sport. Delayed initiation of passive mobilisation (risk ratio (RR) 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99), p=0.017) was associated with incomplete RTS in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, favourable prognostic factors of full RTS included traumatic injury aetiology (RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.37), p=0.002), high motivation to RTS at baseline (RR 1.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.33), p=0.005), higher sports activity levels at 6 months (RR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), p=0.002) and a low depression score at 12 months (RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98), p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over half of ARCR patients reach full RTS within 24 months, with traumatic injuries, high motivation and higher sports activity at baseline having a more favourable prognosis. Our findings inform individualised postoperative rehabilitation and counselling regarding RTS following ARCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:35:20Z","timestamp":1763663720000},"page":"116-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Return to sport after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: epidemiology and prognostic factors in a Swiss multicentre cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4235-7945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madlaina","family":"Matter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Audig\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Outcome Research Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Research and Development Department, Shoulder and Elbow surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Stojanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Outcome Research Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2726-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5480-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias A","family":"Zumstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern Faculty of Medicine, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Sonnenhof Clinic Orthopaedic Department, Bern, BE, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2140-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Hayoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonnenhof Clinic Orthopaedic Department, Bern, BE, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"ARCR_Pred Study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sch\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital Bern,University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.05.003"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515598995"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.05.006"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2013.0134"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.5","first-page":"128","article-title":"Arthroscopic Management of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears in Major League Baseball Pitchers: The Lateralized Footprint Repair Technique","volume":"45","author":"Dines","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.6","unstructured":"Unfallversicherung VIg . Return-to-competition: testmanual zur beurteilung der spielf\u00e4higkeit nach akuter verletzung der schulter. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.vbg.de\/cms\/sport\/return-to-competition\/rtc-schulter [Accessed 26 Apr 2024]."},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.10952"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094569"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211009589","article-title":"Defining Return to Sport: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Doege","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082244","article-title":"Criteria for Return-to-Play (RTP) after Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Systematic Review of Literature","volume":"11","author":"Bravi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.02.015","article-title":"Return to recreational sport and clinical outcomes with at least 2years follow-up after arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears","volume":"102","author":"Antoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231168888","article-title":"Outcomes and Survivorship 5 Years After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Active Patients 70 Years and Older","volume":"11","author":"Horan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.12.006","article-title":"Return to recreational sports participation following rotator cuff repair in adults over 40 Years of age: outcomes and return to play analysis","volume":"7","author":"Sonnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314794"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000361","article-title":"Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery in Female Professional Tennis Players: Ability and Timing to Return to Play","volume":"27","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967120922203","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120922203","article-title":"Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Middle-Aged and Elderly Swimmers","volume":"8","author":"Shimada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.07.037","article-title":"Return to Sports After in Situ Arthroscopic Repair of Partial Rotator Cuff Tears","volume":"35","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2024.03.002","article-title":"Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in active patients younger than 45 Years: a prospective analysis with a mean 5-year follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Rupp","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515577623"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045702","article-title":"Swiss-wide multicentre evaluation and prediction of core outcomes in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: protocol for the ARCR_Pred cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Audige","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316712","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and 2-year functional outcome data of patients undergoing an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in Switzerland, results of the ARCR_Pred study","volume":"20","author":"Stojanov","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.23","unstructured":"Lamprecht MBr R , Stamm H . Sport Schweiz 2020 - Sportaktivit\u00e4t und Sportinteresse der Schweizer Bev\u00f6lkerung: Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sport BASPO. 2020."},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.022"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.25","unstructured":"cHealthMeasures . PROMIS scoring manuals. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.healthmeasures.net\/promis-scoring-manuals [Accessed 6 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.054","article-title":"Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) in the upper extremity: the future of outcomes reporting?","volume":"26","author":"Makhni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280211427759"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.29","unstructured":"StataCorp . Stata 19 Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 2025."},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211028980","article-title":"Prediction of Shoulder Stiffness After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair","volume":"49","author":"Audig\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7992"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002636","article-title":"Unadjusted Bivariate Two-Group Comparisons: When Simpler is Better","volume":"126","author":"Vetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-020-00074-3","article-title":"State of the art in selection of variables and functional forms in multivariable analysis-outstanding issues","volume":"4","author":"Sauerbrei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW . Evaluation of Clinical Usefulness. Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation, and Updating. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019:309\u201328.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16399-0_16"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell FE . Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis. Springer Cham, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519825624","article-title":"Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Is There a Difference Between the Recreational and the Competitive Athlete?","volume":"48","author":"Altintas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512459481"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041601","article-title":"Rotator cuff tears in middle-aged tennis players: results of surgical treatment","volume":"30","author":"Sonnery-Cottet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290187"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00034"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000163836.66906.74","article-title":"Path analysis of factors for delayed healing and nonunion in 416 operatively treated tibial shaft fractures","volume":"438","author":"Audig\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-023-00156-y","article-title":"Development and internal validation of a model predicting patient-reported shoulder function after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a Swiss setting","volume":"7","author":"Stojanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120954341","article-title":"Duration of Surgery and Learning Curve Affect Rotator Cuff Repair Retear Rates: A Post Hoc Analysis of 1600 Cases","volume":"8","author":"Elkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.05.022","article-title":"The effect of rotator cuff repair on early overhead shoulder function: a study in 1600 consecutive rotator cuff repairs","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-023-03487-0","article-title":"Increased operative time has a negative impact on clinical outcome in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"33","author":"Thery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519876914","article-title":"The Effect of Preexisting and Shoulder-Specific Depression and Anxiety on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair","volume":"47","author":"Lau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520976574","article-title":"Effects of Anxiety and Depression Measured via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale on Early Pain and Range of Motion After Rotator Cuff Repair","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3833-1"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04526-x","article-title":"The utility of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of patient-reported outcome measures following primary hip and knee total joint arthroplasty","volume":"143","author":"Klemt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2026011907150928000_60.2.116.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201700067"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:15:52Z","timestamp":1768835752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110358","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}}}