{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T12:10:16Z","timestamp":1782043816369,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the incidence of bone stress injuries (BSIs) in college athletes from the USA by sport, sex and location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deidentified injury data for US collegiate athletes were collected from the 2016\u20132022 seasons using the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program from 33 sports. Included injuries were labelled as \u2018bone stress injury,\u2019 \u2018stress fracture\u2019 or \u2018stress reaction\u2019 and grouped together as BSIs. Incidence rates and incidence proportions were calculated and analysed by sport, sex and location. Rate ratios (RRs) were calculated comparing matched sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 1443 BSIs in 33\u2009190 athlete years of participation, 695 female (63%) and 415 male (37%). BSIs occurred most commonly in the lower extremity (n=1165 times, 81%), followed by axial (n=246, 17%) and upper extremity (n=32, 2%). New injuries accounted for 81% of BSIs, while 19% were recurrent. The overall incidence proportion (average annual risk) of a BSI was 4% but risk varied by sport with women\u2019s cross country (14.6%), men\u2019s cross country (10.2%), women\u2019s gymnastics (9.4%), women\u2019s track and field (8.4%), women\u2019s basketball (8.1%) and women\u2019s rowing (8.0%) having the highest risk. Incidence rates were similar. In sex-matched sports, a higher rate of BSI occurred in women in gymnastics (RR 2.72, 95%\u2009CI (1.26 to 7.01)), softball\/baseball (RR 2.12, 95%\u2009CI (1.23 to 3.67)), basketball (RR 2.10, 95%\u2009CI (1.41 to 3.17)), track and field (RR 1.71, 95%\u2009CI (1.35 to 2.17)), rowing (RR 1.62, 95%\u2009CI (1.13 to 2.39)) and cross country (RR 1.45, 95%\u2009CI (1.11 to 1.92)). Most sports had predominantly lower extremity BSIs; however, men\u2019s baseball, men\u2019s\/women\u2019s diving, men\u2019s golf, men\u2019s\/women\u2019s rowing and men\u2019s\/women\u2019s swimming had primarily axial BSIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women college athletes are at greatest risk of BSI with lower extremity injury most prevalent. Understanding sport-specific patterns and incidence rates of BSIs provides critical insight for shaping future injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:20:27Z","timestamp":1775668827000},"page":"780-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiology of bone stress injury in Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes from 2016 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0040-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine F","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington DC, 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