{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:37Z","timestamp":1792787257278,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"17","funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1088683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1088683"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Labral tears are common in young adults participating in high-impact physical activity. No longitudinal studies have investigated whether labral tears expedite cartilage loss. This longitudinal study investigated the association between labral tears and cartilage loss in young adults participating in high-impact physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study participants were high-impact athletes (soccer or Australian football) with and without hip and\/or groin pain from the femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis cohort study who underwent unenhanced 3T MRI at baseline and after 2\u20133 years. Labral tears and cartilage defects were scored semi-quantitatively. At baseline, labral tear presence (grade \u22652), subregion, number of subregions affected by labral tear, maximal labral score, labral sum score and presence of paralabral cysts were determined. A cartilage sum change score (difference between baseline and follow-up) was calculated for each hip (0\u201320). Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate if baseline labral tears were associated with cartilage loss, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, alpha angle and baseline cartilage sum score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>173 (343 hips) participants (82% with hip and\/or groin pain; 22% women) with a median age of 26 years were included. The median International Hip Outcome Tool-33 total score was 69 at baseline. Follow-up MRIs were collected at a median of 2.1 years after baseline. 150 (87%) participants were still participating in high-impact physical activity at follow-up. Weak-to-moderate strength associations were identified between cartilage sum change score and baseline anterior labral tears (adjusted incidence rate ratio (a)IRR 1.46; 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 2.09), paralabral cysts (aIRR 1.38; 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.86) and labral sum score (aIRR 1.05; 95%\u2009CI 1.00 to 1.09).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that acetabular labral tears contribute to cartilage loss in young adult athletes; however, the associations observed were modest, suggesting that additional factors contribute to cartilage loss in this population. Further research is required to inform preventative strategies aimed at reducing cartilage loss in athletes with labral tears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:20:27Z","timestamp":1781716827000},"page":"1306-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal cohort study of the association between labral pathology and cartilage loss in high-impact athletes: the FORCe study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Heerey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rintje","family":"Agricola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Luitjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Gassert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0470-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6479-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Lawrenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9216-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Scholes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Mosler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9234-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Girdwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mentiplay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Ivan","family":"Semciw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0409-3"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heerey J , van Klij P , Diamond LE , et al . Early Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis: A Window of Opportunity. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2026;1\u201343. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2026.14223","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2026.14223"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001199","article-title":"Cam morphology is associated with MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears: a case-control study of 237 young adult football players with and without hip and groin pain","volume":"7","author":"Heerey","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2024.2385341","article-title":"Are hip joint imaging findings associated with symptoms and early hip osteoarthritis features in elite male Australian Football League draftees?","volume":"9","author":"Heerey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Med Footb"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241256123","article-title":"The Association Between the Development of Cam Morphology During Skeletal Growth in High-Impact Athletes and the Presence of Cartilage Loss and Labral Damage in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study With a 12-Year Follow-up","volume":"52","author":"Claes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30589"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01328-4","article-title":"Cam morphology and the development of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and hip osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Heerey","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520931182","article-title":"The Response of Hip Joint Cartilage to Exercise in Children: An MRI Study Using T2-Mapping","volume":"13","author":"Fernquest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.013","article-title":"Prevalence of early hip OA features on MRI in high-impact athletes. The femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis cohort (FORCe) study","volume":"29","author":"Heerey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B6.37099","article-title":"The acetabular labrum: a review of its function","volume":"98-b","author":"Bsat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00802"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101453"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01092-y","article-title":"What is the Prevalence of Hip Intra-Articular Pathologies and Osteoarthritis in Active Athletes with Hip and Groin Pain Compared with Those Without? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Heerey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098264"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515582031"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2804-5"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2886-8"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095137"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200112000-00004"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000257","article-title":"Similar Prevalence of Acetabular Labral Tear in Professional Ballet Dancers and Sporting Participants","volume":"26","author":"Mayes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06822-9","article-title":"The Lisbon Agreement on Femoroacetabular Impingement Imaging\u2014part 1: overview","volume":"30","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.10.004","article-title":"Femoroacetabular impingement and hip OsteoaRthritis Cohort (FORCe): protocol for a prospective study","volume":"64","author":"Crossley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2025.13474","article-title":"Self-Reported Hip Crepitus Is Prevalent in Football Players With Hip\/Groin Pain, but Is It Associated With Early Hip Osteoarthritis Structural Features? A Longitudinal Study","volume":"56","author":"Serighelli","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.03.121","article-title":"Association between hip muscle strength\/function and hip cartilage defects in sub-elite football players with hip\/groin pain","volume":"32","author":"Coburn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211027180","article-title":"The Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the International Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33) in Patients With Hip and Groin Pain Treated Without Surgery","volume":"49","author":"Scholes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.001","article-title":"Lower limb biomechanics during low- and high-impact functional tasks differ between men and women with hip-related groin pain","volume":"68","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosler AB , Heerey JJ , Kemp JL , et al . Relationship Between Hip and Groin Pain and Hip Range of Motion in Amateur Soccer and Australian Rules Football Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2024;12. doi:10.1177\/23259671241277662","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241277662"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.12026"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.11.003"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24722"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-024-04628-0"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1310-6","article-title":"Semi-quantitative MRI biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression in the FNIH biomarkers consortium cohort\u2009-\u2009Methodologic aspects and definition of change","volume":"17","author":"Roemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.10.141","article-title":"Location and Correlation of Acetabular Labral Tears and Paralabral Cysts Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.10.009","article-title":"Preoperative Paralabral Cysts Predict More Significant Chondral Damage but Not 2-Year Functional Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Labral Repair","volume":"40","author":"Dean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2024.100465","article-title":"Approaches to optimize analyses of multidimensional ordinal MRI data in osteoarthritis research: A perspective","volume":"6","author":"Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101456"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison A , Hinkley D . Bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge University Press, 1997.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.04.001","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of MRI in hip osteoarthritis using SHOMRI and correlation with clinical progression","volume":"45","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seldes RM , Tan V , Hunt J , et al . Anatomy, histologic features, and vascularity of the adult acetabular labrum. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;232\u201340. doi:10.1097\/00003086-200101000-00031","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200101000-00031"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.1212.BJR-2022-0461.R2","article-title":"Hip joint contact pressure and force: a scoping review of in vivo and cadaver studies","volume":"12","author":"Dantas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.06.015"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.02.008"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107584"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110986"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4184","article-title":"Ten steps towards improving prognosis research","volume":"339","author":"Hemingway","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.07.012"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.06.022"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105575"},{"key":"2026092200300765000_60.17.1306.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.08.009"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:30:11Z","timestamp":1790523011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110981","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}}}