{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:56:46Z","timestamp":1790524606966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"17","funder":[{"name":"Australia & New Zealand Low Back Pain Research Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008305","name":"Physiotherapy Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S24-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S24-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of a swimming and education programme compared with education alone for patients with chronic low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with chronic, non-specific low back pain were randomised to a swimming and education (intervention) group or an education alone (control) group (1:1). The intervention group received an individualised swimming and education programme facilitated by four physiotherapy telehealth sessions delivered over 8\u2009weeks. The control group received up to two telehealth sessions with a physiotherapist covering the same educational content as the intervention group. The primary outcome was disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, (RMDQ)) at 8\u2009weeks. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, patient-specific functional limitation, pain self-efficacy, fear of movement, patient-perceived global improvement and adverse events. Linear mixed models were used to assess intervention effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>76 participants were randomised (39 to intervention and 37 to control). Swimming and education together was more effective than education alone for disability at 8\u2009weeks (RMDQ mean difference (MD) \u22122.5, 95%\u2009CI \u22124.5 to \u22120.5), but this between-group difference was not sustained at 52\u2009weeks. For pain intensity, the intervention showed a small benefit at 8\u2009weeks that may not be clinically significant (MD \u22120.7, 95%\u2009CI \u22121.5 to 0.0). All other secondary outcomes showed a pattern of better outcomes in the intervention group early, which typically reduced over time. The intervention group had more adverse events, although almost all were non-serious.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A swimming and education programme was more effective than education alone for short-term improvement of chronic low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12624000263594.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2026-111730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:20:22Z","timestamp":1784647222000},"page":"1298-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of an individualised swimming and education programme for chronic low back 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