{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:37:58Z","timestamp":1792859878989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess whether eldecalcitol, an active vitamin D analogue\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes among adults with impaired glucose tolerance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Double blinded, multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hospitals in Japan, between June 2013 and August 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People aged 30 years and older who had impaired glucose tolerance defined by using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and glycated haemoglobin level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were randomised to receive active vitamin D (eldecalcitol 0.75 \u03bcg per day; n=630) or matching placebo (n=626) for three years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary endpoint was incidence of diabetes. Prespecified secondary endpoints were regression to normoglycaemia and incidence of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounding factors at baseline. In addition, bone densities and bone and glucose metabolism markers were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1256 participants, 571 (45.5%) were women and 742 (59.1%) had a family history of type 2 diabetes. The mean age of participants was 61.3 years. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration at baseline was 20.9 ng\/mL (52.2 nmol\/L); 548 (43.6%) participants had concentrations below 20 ng\/mL (50 nmol\/L). During a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 79 (12.5%) of 630 participants in the eldecalcitol group and 89 (14.2%) of 626 in the placebo group developed type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.17; P=0.39). Regression to normoglycaemia was achieved in 145 (23.0%) of 630 participants in the eldecalcitol group and 126 (20.1%) of 626 in the placebo group (hazard ratio 1.15, 0.93 to 1.41; P=0.21). After adjustment for confounding factors by multivariable fractional polynomial Cox regression analysis, eldecalcitol significantly lowered the development of diabetes (hazard ratio 0.69, 0.51 to 0.95; P=0.020). In addition, eldecalcitol showed its beneficial effect among the participants with the lower level of basal insulin secretion (hazard ratio 0.41, 0.23 to 0.71; P=0.001). During follow-up, bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and serum osteocalcin concentrations significantly increased with eldecalcitol compared with placebo (all P&lt;0.001). No significant difference in serious adverse events was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although treatment with eldecalcitol did not significantly reduce the incidence of diabetes among people with pre-diabetes, the results suggested the potential for a beneficial effect of eldecalcitol on people with insufficient insulin secretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000010758.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T20:11:33Z","timestamp":1653509493000},"page":"e066222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Effect of active vitamin D treatment on development of type 2 diabetes: DPVD randomised controlled trial in Japanese population"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"},{"name":"Shin Komonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International University Health and Welfare Clinic, Ohtawara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center EPOC, Kashiwa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Inazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiyoshi","family":"Kasagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Effects Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5953"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708330153"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-653"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.7","first-page":"E356","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor and calbindin D28k in human and rat pancreas","volume":"267","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.115"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0424fje"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.043"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3282"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1101-7"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0962"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.193003"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992017"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.12.044"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.011684"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1708"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4013"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900906"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2136"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12893"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30357-1"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011183"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.26","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation . IDF Diabetes Atlas. IDF, 2013."},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1815"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100410"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little DJA Rubin NB . Statistical analysis with missing data. Hoboken, 2020.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119482260"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.18"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0548"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X636885"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-13-47"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.40","unstructured":"Rifai N Horvath AR Wittwer C . Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 6th edition. Elsevier, 2018."},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170042"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.10.007"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23051"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.035"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.011"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35229-2"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3122"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050432"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz041"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1977"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.01.020"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.52","first-page":"1091","article-title":"The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Adiposity, Blood Glycated Hemoglobin, Serum Leptin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","volume":"5","author":"Ghavamzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3084"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.10.001"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/564934"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.338.6109.883-c"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-8002"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2552"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S54772"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1742"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12394"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030743"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21694"},{"key":"2025110101370373000_377.may25_11.e066222.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02662-2"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:37:10Z","timestamp":1761986230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-066222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]}}}