{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:57:36Z","timestamp":1794031056685,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants and assess its effectiveness against the delta variant by time since vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Test negative case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), an integrated healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult KPSC members with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test sent for whole genome sequencing or a negative test from 1 March 2021 to 27 July 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two dose or one dose vaccination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna covid-19 vaccine) \u226514 days before specimen collection versus no covid-19 vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes included infection with SARS-CoV-2 and hospital admission with covid-19. In pre-specified analyses for each variant type, test positive cases were matched 1:5 to test negative controls on age, sex, race\/ethnicity, and specimen collection date. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare odds of vaccination among cases versus controls, with adjustment for confounders. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1\u2013odds ratio)\u00d7100%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 8153 cases and their matched controls. Two dose vaccine effectiveness was 86.7% (95% confidence interval 84.3% to 88.7%) against infection with the delta variant, 98.4% (96.9% to 99.1%) against alpha, 90.4% (73.9% to 96.5%) against mu, 96-98% against other identified variants, and 79.9% (76.9% to 82.5%) against unidentified variants (that is, specimens that failed sequencing). Vaccine effectiveness against hospital admission with the delta variant was 97.5% (92.7% to 99.2%). Vaccine effectiveness against infection with the delta variant declined from 94.1% (90.5% to 96.3%) 14-60 days after vaccination to 80.0% (70.2% to 86.6%) 151-180 days after vaccination. Waning was less pronounced for non-delta variants. Vaccine effectiveness against delta infection was lower among people aged \u226565 years (75.2%, 59.6% to 84.8%) than those aged 18-64 years (87.9%, 85.5% to 89.9%). One dose vaccine effectiveness was 77.0% (60.7% to 86.5%) against infection with delta.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two doses of mRNA-1273 were highly effective against all SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially against hospital admission with covid-19. However, vaccine effectiveness against infection with the delta variant moderately declined with increasing time since vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T06:51:06Z","timestamp":1639551066000},"page":"e068848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against delta, mu, and other emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2: test negative case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"375","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8277-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia J","family":"Bruxvoort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"},{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina S","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley K","family":"Ackerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina S","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Aragones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E","family":"Tubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet S","family":"Takhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamuna D","family":"Paila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla A","family":"Talarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung Fu","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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