{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T05:37:05Z","timestamp":1794202625681,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL from inception until 31 July 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomised controlled trials of adult patients with type 2 diabetes who received dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors compared with placebo or other antidiabetes drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and biliary diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data extraction and data synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the studies. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework (GRADE) approach. The meta-analysis used pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 82 randomised controlled trials with 104\u2009833 participants were included in the pairwise meta-analysis. Compared with placebo or non-incretin drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were significantly associated with an increased risk of the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases (odds ratio 1.22 (95%confidence interval 1.04 to 1.43); risk difference 11 (2 to 21) more events per 10\u2009000 person years) and cholecystitis (odds ratio 1.43 (1.14 to 1.79); risk difference 15 (5 to 27) more events per 10\u2009000 person years) but not with the risk of cholelithiasis and biliary diseases. The associations tended to be observed in patients with a longer duration of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment. In the network meta-analysis of 184 trials, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increased the risk of the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases and cholecystitis compared with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors but not compared with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increased the risk of cholecystitis in randomised controlled trials, especially with a longer treatment duration, which requires more attention from physicians in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42021271647.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T12:10:27Z","timestamp":1656418227000},"page":"e068882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"given":"Liyun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huabing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7500-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.1","unstructured":"ClinCalc.com. Sitagliptin: Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 \u2013 2019. 2021. https:\/\/clincalc.com\/DrugStats\/Drugs\/Sitagliptin."},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0399-8"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32374-6"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0415"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz175"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108087"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1531"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4573"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.11","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kanie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.005"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1537"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu424"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066084"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.18","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021. Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2528"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.007"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1034"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102911"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.012"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1058"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.08.022"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-35"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1188"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05529-w"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.57"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01933.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.01016.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01124.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0159"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2243"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305889"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12102"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12258"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12643"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12425"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01391.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03387.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60691-6"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.07.008"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01545.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12308"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2718"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0706"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1684"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12284"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18269"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.13772"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14231"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01631-y"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-017-0219-x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1335638"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0593-8"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1335637"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12988"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0109"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02143.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01056.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0550"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1984"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.07.035"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-36"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.735646"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-013-0107-8"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12267"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12119"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12461"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0811"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12942"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13117"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13161"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13605"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13437"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30086-5"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00704.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.10.007"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0706"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0416-z"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0627"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.10.009"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01173.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.568059"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1365"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3039-1"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2491"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2012.00223.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12194"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70084-6"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0663"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0314-0"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12351"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2145"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1277200"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13194"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12933"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12115"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13473"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32131-2"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-015-0195-3"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2364"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0781"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X188152"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13795"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01080.x"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.11.010"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13829"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.123"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1530297"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12748"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.120"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038399"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2158"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1587"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2195"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2017.05.013"},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.126","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes may cause severe joint pain. 2015. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-warns-dpp-4-inhibitors-type-2-diabetes-may-cause-severe-joint-pain."},{"key":"2023030806445607000_377.jun28_4.e068882.127","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA adds warnings about heart failure risk to labels of type 2 diabetes medicines containing saxagliptin and alogliptin. 2016. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-adds-warnings-about-heart-failure-risk-labels-type-2-diabetes."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T14:45:27Z","timestamp":1678286727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":127,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-068882","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}