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The intervention was the offer of usual support from the stop smoking services and the addition of up to \u00a3400 ($440; \u20ac455) of LoveToShop financial voucher incentives for engaging with current stop smoking services or to stop smoking, or both, during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported smoking cessation in late pregnancy (between 34 and 38 weeks\u2019 gestation) corroborated by saliva cotinine (and anabasine if using nicotine replacement products). Results were adjusted for age, smoking years, index of multiple deprivation, Fagerstr\u00f6m score, before or after covid, and recruitment site. Secondary outcomes included point and continuous abstinence six months after expected date of delivery, engagement with stop smoking services, biochemically validated abstinence from smoking at four weeks after stop smoking date, birth weight of baby, cost effectiveness, generalisability documenting formats of stop smoking services, and acceptability to pregnant women and their carers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 9 January 2018 to 4 April 2020, of 4032 women screened by stop smoking services, 944 people were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=471) or the control group (n=470). Three people asked for their data to be removed. 126 (27%) of 471 participants stopped smoking from the intervention group and 58 (12%) of 470 from the control group (adjusted odds ratio 2.78 (1.94 to 3.97) P&lt;0.001). Serious adverse events were miscarriages and other expected pregnancy events requiring hospital admission; all serious adverse events were unrelated to the intervention. Most people who stopped smoking from both groups relapsed after their baby was born.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The offer of up to \u00a3400 of financial voucher incentives to stop smoking during pregnancy as an addition to current UK stop smoking services is highly effective. This bolt-on intervention supports new guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, which includes the addition of financial incentives to support pregnant women to stop smoking. Continuing incentives to 12 months after birth is being examined to prevent relapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ISRCTN Registry\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN15236311\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\">ISRCTN15236311<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T20:00:41Z","timestamp":1666209641000},"page":"e071522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effect of financial voucher incentives provided with UK stop smoking services on the cessation of smoking in pregnant women (CPIT III): pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"379","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn15236311","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn5521821","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8914-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Tappin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health, School of Medicine, Honorary Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Lanarkshire Clinical Trials Unit, Airdrie, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Robinson-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Keding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McKell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, 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