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Comparators were any non-drug weight loss intervention or placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened titles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised trials. Data were analysed using mixed effect, meta-regression, and time-to-event models. Weight regain after cessation of WMM was compared with that reported after cessation of behavioural weight management programmes (BWMPs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was rate of weight regain from end of treatment, with associated changes in cardiometabolic markers as a secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 9288 titles screened, 37 studies (63 intervention arms, 9341 participants) were included. Average treatment duration was 39 (range 11-176) weeks, with average follow-up of 32 (4-104) weeks. The average monthly rate of weight regain was 0.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 0.5) (mixed model 0.3 kg (0.2 to 0.4) monthly\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      control in RCTs). All cardiometabolic markers were projected to return to baseline within 1.4 years after the cessation of WMM. Weight regain was faster after WMM than after BWMP (by 0.3 kg (0.22 to 0.34) monthly), independent of initial weight loss. Estimates and precision were robust in sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review found that cessation of WMM is followed by rapid weight regain and reversal of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers. Regain after WMM was faster than after BWMP. These findings suggest caution in short term use of these drugs without a more comprehensive approach to weight management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42024532069.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-085304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:00:12Z","timestamp":1767834012000},"page":"e085304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["Weight regain after cessation of medication for weight management: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadine","family":"Scragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aveyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Health Biomedical Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason L","family":"Oke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella J P","family":"Haffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Jebb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios A","family":"Koutoukidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010721000852000_392.jan07_19.e085304.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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