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For studies identifying causes of mortality with verbal autopsy, eligibility required between 15 and 5000 total deaths, with 25% or fewer of these deaths with unknown cause. For vital registration, country data points were limited to those with at least five years of data from 2010 or later with a minimum of 80% of total deaths assigned to a meaningful cause of death determined by international classification of diseases, ninth or 10th revision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cause specific mortality fractions were calculated from vital registration data for 64 countries, disease surveillance points data for China, and modelled for the remainder. Of the 1.4 million global deaths among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years in 2024, the leading cause of death was road traffic injuries with 113\u2009138 deaths (90% uncertainty interval 106\u2009901 to 119\u2009375), followed by malaria (99\u2009219, 85\u2009840 to 112\u2009597) and neoplasms (87\u2009827, 81\u2009143 to 94\u2009511). Deaths attributed to communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions comprised close to 50% of global deaths in 5-14 year olds, but less than 23% among those aged 15-19 years. In 15-19 year olds, self-harm was most prevalent in female adolescents (27\u2009239 deaths, 24\u2009537 to 29\u2009941), while road traffic injuries caused the largest number of deaths in male adolescents (48\u2009211, 44\u2009607 to 51\u2009816). Age and cause specific patterns varied considerably by region. In high mortality settings, the decline in most communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions has slowed since 2015 compared with the previous 15 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimates presented here can help countries determine the most appropriate course of action to reduce child and adolescent mortality. As mortality rates from leading causes have declined over the years, maintaining the same pace of reduction becomes more challenging, making it necessary to focus on causes that have not previously been prioritised for children and adolescents, such as child cancer and other non-communicable diseases. Maternal mortality is another area of concern where progress has stalled since 2015 and more than 80% of countries risk missing the sustainable development goal target of less than 70 deaths per 100\u2009000 live births by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-088687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:00:15Z","timestamp":1780596015000},"page":"e088687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimates of global causes of death for children and adolescents aged 5-19 in 2000-24: secondary data analysis using bayesian multinomial logistic regression"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"393","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8984-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hallie","family":"Eilerts-Spinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Villavicencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Economic, Financial and Actuarial Mathematics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5482-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Prieto-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0782-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astha","family":"Wahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Hug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF Office of Strategy and Evidence\u2014Innocenti, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen L","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Child, Adolescent and Aging Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3102-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060414151054000_393.jun04_11.e088687.1","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division . 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