{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T19:17:21Z","timestamp":1764962241294,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5758","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]],"date-time":"1971-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":43113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mean annual prevalence at birth of congenital malformations of the central nervous system for the three years 1964-6 in 48 local authority areas in South Wales was negatively correlated (r = -0\u00b7402, P&lt;0\u00b701) with estimates of the mean total hardness of the related water supplies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mean annual perinatal mortality rate from anencephalus for the five years 1963-7 in 58 county boroughs in England and Wales was also negatively correlated with estimates of the mean total hardness (r = -0\u00b7220, P&gt;0\u00b705) and calcium content (r = -0\u00b7289, P&lt;0\u00b705) of the related water supplies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It is concluded that the relationship between these associations may well be secondary. Analytical epidemiological studies of the association are called for.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,8]],"date-time":"2009-04-08T15:21:07Z","timestamp":1239204067000},"page":"357-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Malformations of Central Nervous System and Softness of Local Water Supplies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"C. R.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]},"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:50:27Z","timestamp":1764960627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5758","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.357","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1447"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1971,5,15]]}}}