{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:24:20Z","timestamp":1770999860535,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6217","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]],"date-time":"1980-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":322531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A prospective study of 745 women receiving different regimens of hormone treatment for the climacteric for a total of 21 736 months was performed. There was a lower incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in biopsy specimens in the women receiving cyclical low-dose oestrogen by mouth than in those receiving cyclical high-dose oestrogen by mouth. The incidence of abnormalities in the women receiving sequential oestrogen and progestogen was lower than in either of these two groups. Among the women receiving subcutaneous oestrogen implants the incidence was higher still, but over half of the abnormal specimens were from women who had not taken their progestogen. The incidence of hyperplasia fell with longer courses of progestogen, and no hyperplasia was found in patients taking progestogen for over 10 days each month. The incidence of adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia is significantly reduced by a progestogen when taken for 10 or more days monthly. The absence of vaginal bleeding or of a regular bleeding response does not guarantee histologically normal endometrium in patients taking oestrogens without progestogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T18:32:30Z","timestamp":1238697150000},"page":"822-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Endometrial disease after treatment with oestrogens and progestogens in the climacteric."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"M E","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Wade-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Sturdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M H","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Studd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Replacement estrogens and endometrial cancer","volume":"300","author":"Jick, H.; Watkins, R.N.; Hunter, JR","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jick H, Watkins RN, Hunter JR, et al. Replacement estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl 3r Med 1979;300:218-22.","edition":"3r Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90289-8","article-title":"Effects of long term oestrogen therapy","volume":"133","author":"Hammond, C.B.; Jelovsek, F.R.; Lee, K.L.; Creasman, W.T.; Parker, R.T.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hammond CB, Jelovsek FR, Lee KL, Creasman WT, Parker RT. Effects of long term oestrogen therapy. Am 7 Obstet Gynecol 1979;133:537-47.","journal-title":"Am 7 Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"144","article-title":"Oestrogens as a cause of endometrial carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Studd, J.W.W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Studd JWW. Oestrogens as a cause of endometrial carcinoma. Br Med J 1976;i:1 144-5.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1575","article-title":"Relations between bleeding pattern, endometrial histology, and oestrogen treatment in menopausal women. Br MedJ'","volume":"i:","author":"Sturdee, D.W.; Wade-Evans, T.; Paterson, M.E.L.; Thom, M.; Studd, J.W.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sturdee DW, Wade-Evans T, Paterson MEL, Thom M, Studd JWW. Relations between bleeding pattern, endometrial histology, and oestrogen treatment in menopausal women. Br MedJ' 1978;i:1575-7."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"247","article-title":"Estrogens and endometrial cancer","volume-title":"The Menopauise","author":"Greenblatt, R.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Greenblatt RB. Estrogens and endometrial cancer. In: Beard RJ, ed: The Menopauise. Lancaster: MTP, 1976;247-63."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"145","article-title":"Oestrogens and endometrial cancer","volume-title":"obstetrics and gynaecology","author":"Lauritzen, C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lauritzen C. Oestrogens and endometrial cancer. In: Studd JWW, Greenblatt RB, eds. Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology. London: W B Saunders, 1977:145-67."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"31","article-title":"Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome","volume-title":"obstetrics and gynaecology","author":"Campbell, S.; Whitehead, M.I.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Campbell S, Whitehead MI. Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. In: Studd JWW, Greenblatt RB, eds. Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology. London: W B Saunders 1977:31-47."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3","article-title":"The climacteric","volume-title":"obstetrics and gynaecology","author":"Studd, J.W.W.; Chakravarti, S.K.; Oram, D.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Studd JWW, Chakravarti SK, Oram DH. The climacteric. In: Studd JWW, Greenblatt RB, eds. Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology. London: W B Saunders, 1977:3-29."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"219","article-title":"Menstruation in intraocular endometrial transplants in the rhesus monkey. Contributions to Emibryology 1940; 28","author":"Markee, J.E.","unstructured":"Markee JE. Menstruation in intraocular endometrial transplants in the rhesus monkey. Contributions to Emibryology 1940;28:219-308."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"403","article-title":"Endometrial pathology and oestrogens","volume":"53","author":"Rosenwaks, Z.; Wentz, A.C.; Jones, G.S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rosenwaks Z, Wentz AC, Jones GS, et al. Endometrial pathology and oestrogens. Obstet Gynecol 1979;53:403-10.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"121","article-title":"Leading article. Oestrogen therapy and endometrial cancer","volume":"1","year":"1979","unstructured":"Leading article. Oestrogen therapy and endometrial cancer. Lancet 1979;i:1 121-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197901043000103","article-title":"Endometrial cancer and oestrogen use","volume":"300","author":"Antunes, C.M.; Stolley, P.D.; Rosenheim, N.B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Antunes CM, Stolley PD, Rosenheim NB, et al. Endometrial cancer and oestrogen use. N EnglJ Med 1979;300:9-13.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"6","author":"In, Waterhouse J.A.H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Waterhouse JAH. In: Brush MG, King RJB, Taylor RW, eds. Endometrial cancer. London: Balliere Tindall, 1978:6."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(78)90017-8","article-title":"The prevention of endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women with progestogens","volume":"1","author":"Gambrell, R.D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gambrell RD. The prevention of endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women with progestogens. Matuiritas 1978;1:107-12.","journal-title":"Matuiritas"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"455","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy","volume":"ii:","author":"Thom, M.H.; White, P.J.; Williams, R.M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thom MH, White PJ, Williams RM, et al. Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy. Lancet 1979;ii:455-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Y Am Geriat Soc","author":"Greenblatt, R.B.","unstructured":"Greenblatt RB. Y Am Geriat Soc (in press)."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(78)90015-4","article-title":"The effects of oestrogens and progestogens on the postmenopausal endometrium","volume":"1","author":"Whitehead, M.I.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Whitehead, MI. The effects of oestrogens and progestogens on the postmenopausal endometrium. Maturitas 1978;1:87-98.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Accepted 10 Jranuary","year":"1980","unstructured":"(Accepted 10 Jranuary 1980)"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"Describe the arrangement and attachments of the Perineal Fasciae","unstructured":"Describe the arrangement and attachments of the Perineal Fasciae."},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Give the attachments of the Trapezius Muscle; state what structures are exposed upon its removal","unstructured":"Give the attachments of the Trapezius Muscle; state what structures are exposed upon its removal."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Give the dissection required to expose the first portion of the Subclavian Artery on the right side","unstructured":"Give the dissection required to expose the first portion of the Subclavian Artery on the right side."},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Describe the course and relations of the Portal Vein; name its tributaries, and mention their anastomoses with the systemic veins","unstructured":"Describe the course and relations of the Portal Vein; name its tributaries, and mention their anastomoses with the systemic veins."},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"The Brain being removed from the Skull, how would you proceed to expose the Corpora Quadrigemina ?","unstructured":"The Brain being removed from the Skull, how would you proceed to expose the Corpora Quadrigemina ?"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Give a description of the microscopical appearances presented by a transverse section of the Spinal Cord in the cervical region. What are the functions of the Cord ? 4. Describe the course and minute structure of a Renal Tubule. What functions have been ascribed to its several parts ? 5. How is the circulation of the Blood maintained? What is the average velocity of the Blood in the larger arteries and veins, and in the capillaries ? By what means has this been ascertained ? 6. What is the structure of Adipose Tissue ? What are its uses in the oeconomy ? and what are the circumstances that lead to variations in its amount ?","year":"1880","unstructured":"Give a description of the microscopical appearances presented by a transverse section of the Spinal Cord in the cervical region. What are the functions of the Cord ? 4. Describe the course and minute structure of a Renal Tubule. What functions have been ascribed to its several parts ? 5. How is the circulation of the Blood maintained? What is the average velocity of the Blood in the larger arteries and veins, and in the capillaries ? By what means has this been ascertained ? 6. What is the structure of Adipose Tissue ? What are its uses in the oeconomy ? and what are the circumstances that lead to variations in its amount ? (British Medical_Journal, 1880.)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T19:43:23Z","timestamp":1765395803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6217","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.280.6217.822","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,3,22]]}}}