{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:15:53Z","timestamp":1791159353356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6251","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]],"date-time":"1980-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":343094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum samples from 201 drivers who presented at emergency departments within six hours after being injured in a road accident and 325 control drivers selected randomly at petrol stations were screened for drugs by combined thin-layer and gas chromatography. Blood alcohol concentrations were also measured, and a questionnaire on the subjects' state of health and use of drugs administered. At interview 30 patients (15%) and 44 controls (13%) said that they had taken drugs in the previous 24 hours. Four patients (2%) and six controls (2%) said that they had taken psychotropic drugs, but serum analysis detected psychotropic drugs in 10 patients (5%) and eight controls (2.5%). Diazepam was found in 16 of the 18 subjects in whom psychotropic drugs were detected. Alcohol was detected in 30 patients (15%) and three controls (1%). Drug use appeared to be somewhat lower in Finland than in other Western countries, and illness to be a more important traffic hazard than drugs in general. Interview was not a reliable method of establishing whether drivers had taken psychotropic drugs. Taking diazepam may increase the risk of being involved in a traffic accident, but alcohol was the most powerful risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T18:32:30Z","timestamp":1238697150000},"page":"1309-1312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Role of drugs in traffic accidents."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Honkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Ertama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Linnoila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Alha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Lukkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Kiviluoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Puro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(76)90028-2","article-title":"Tranquillizers and driving","volume":"8","author":"Linnoila, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Linnoila M. 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Br Med3' 1979;i:917-9."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_8","article-title":"The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents (the Grand Rapids study)","volume":"11","author":"Borkenstein, R.F.; Crowther, R.F.; Shumate, R.P.; Ziel, W.B.; Zylman, R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Borkenstein RF, Crowther RF, Shumate RP, Ziel WB, Zylman R. The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents (the Grand Rapids study). Blutalkohol 1974;11, suppl 1.","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"46","article-title":"A casecontrol study on alcohol as a risk factor in pedestrian accidents. A preliminary report","volume-title":"and driving","author":"Honkanen, R.; Ertama, L.; Kuosmanen, P.; Linnoila, M.; Visuri, T.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Honkanen R, Ertama L, Kuosmanen P, Linnoila M, Visuri T. A casecontrol study on alcohol as a risk factor in pedestrian accidents. A preliminary report. In: Mattila M, ed. Alcohol, drugs and driving. Basle: Karger, 1976:46-50. 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Biochem J 1954;57:301-3.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1970111112","article-title":"Plasma propranolol levels in adults","volume":"11","author":"Shand, D.G.; Nuckolls, M.S.; Oates, J.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Shand DG, Nuckolls MS, Oates JA. Plasma propranolol levels in adults. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1970;11:112-20.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/14732300760040S415","article-title":"The development of a blood paracetamol estimation kit","volume":"4","author":"Kendal, S.E.; Lloyd-Jones, G.; Smith, C.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kendal SE, Lloyd-Jones G, Smith CF. The development of a blood paracetamol estimation kit.. Int Med Res 1976;4:83-8.","journal-title":"Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref_14","author":"Heinonen, O.P.","year":"1975","unstructured":"In: Heinonen OP, ed. 14th edn. Remedia Fennica 1975. Helsinki: Remedia Fennica, 1975.","edition":"14th edn","journal-title":"Remedia Fennica"},{"issue":"72","key":"ref_15","first-page":"323","article-title":"Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa","volume":"1969","author":"Fleiss, J.L.; Cohen, J.; Everitt, B.S.","unstructured":"Fleiss JL, Cohen J, Everitt BS. Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychol Bull 1969;72:323-7.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(79)90019-8","article-title":"Information concerning drugs and driving received by customers of pharmacies","volume":"11","author":"Maki, M.; Linnoila, M.; Idanpaan-Heikkila, J.; Isomeri, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Maki M, Linnoila M, Idanpaan-Heikkila J, Isomeri J. Information concerning drugs and driving received by customers of pharmacies. 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According to the evidence of the police, the plaintiff was raving and shrieking in a semi-nude state behind her bedroom door."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T13:16:13Z","timestamp":1765458973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6251","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.281.6251.1309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,15]]}}}