{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T15:24:59Z","timestamp":1775921099334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6263","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]],"date-time":"1981-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":350956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A preliminary survey of water systems in hospitals and hotels showed that Legionella pneumophila may be found in water storage and distribution systems as well as in the recirculating cooling water of air-conditioning plants. Altogether 42 isolates of L pneumophila were made from 31 establishments, six of which were associated with cases of legionnaires' disease but in 25 of which there was no known association with disease. In the six establishments implicated epidemiologically as the source of legionnaires' disease, these organisms were found in each of their water-distribution systems and also in the cooling water from each of the three with cooling towers. In establishments not associated with cases, water from three out of nine cooling towers, four out of 24 taps or showers, and one out of 15 storage tanks was found to contain legionellae. The organisms were isolated by guinea-pig inoculation and subsequent culture of their peritoneal fluid, liver, and spleen. Finding L pneumophila in water systems in the absence of cases of legionnaires' disease should not at present be an indication for attempts at eradication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"515-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from water systems: methods and preliminary results."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"J O","family":"Tobin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Swann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C L","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18-2","key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease in a transplant unit: isolation of the causative agent from shower baths","volume":"1","author":"JO'H, Tobin; J, Beare; MS, Dunnill","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tobin JO'H, Beare J, Dunnill MS, et al. Legionnaires' disease in a transplant unit: isolation of the causative agent from shower baths. Lancet 1980;ii: 1 18-2 1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: further evidence to implicate water storage and distribution systems as sources","volume":"282","author":"JO'H, Tobin; CLR, Bartlett; SA, Waitkins","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tobin JO'H, Bartlett CLR, Waitkins SA, et al. Legionnaires' disease: further evidence to implicate water storage and distribution systems as sources. Br MedJ 1981;282:17.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036204","article-title":"Epidemiologic aspects of legionellosis","volume":"1","author":"Broome, C.V.; Fraser, D.W.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Broome CV, Fraser DW. Epidemiologic aspects of legionellosis. Epidemiologic Reviews 1979;1: 1-16.","journal-title":"Epidemiologic Reviews"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-671","article-title":"Pathologic findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the legionnaires'","volume":"90","author":"true","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chandler FW, McDade JE, Hicklin MD, et al. Pathologic findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the legionnaires' disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:671-6.","journal-title":"disease bacterium. Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"686","article-title":"False positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen","volume":"90","author":"Taylor, A.G.; Harrison, T.G.; Dighero, M.W.; Bradstreet, C.M.P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Taylor AG, Harrison TG, Dighero MW, Bradstreet CMP. False positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:686-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"323","article-title":"Identification of a clinical isolate as Legionella pneumophila by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of cellular fatty acids","volume":"ii:","author":"Fisher-Hoch, S.; Hudson, M.J.; Thompson, M.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fisher-Hoch S, Hudson MJ, Thompson MH. Identification of a clinical isolate as Legionella pneumophila by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of cellular fatty acids. Lancet 1979;ii:323-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109874","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) multiplies intracellularly in human monocytes","volume":"66","author":"Horwitz, M.A.; Silverstein, S.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Horwitz MA, Silverstein SC. Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) multiplies intracellularly in human monocytes. J Clin Invest 1980;66:441-50.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"857","article-title":"Legionnaires'","volume-title":"disease: serogroup 6. Lancet","volume":"ii:","author":"Fallon, R.J.; Abraham, W.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fallon RJ, Abraham WH. Legionnaires' disease: serogroup 6. Lancet 1980;ii:857."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease: isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease","volume":"297","author":"JE, I.McDade; CC, Shephard; DW, Fraser","year":"1977","unstructured":"I McDade JE, Shephard CC, Fraser DW, et al. Legionnaires' disease: isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease. N EnglJ Med 1977;297:1197-203.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-664","article-title":"Isolation of the legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples","volume":"90","author":"Morris, G.K.; Patton, C.M.; Feeley, J.C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Morris GK, Patton CM, Feeley JC, et al. Isolation of the legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90:664-6.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.37.6.1239-1242.1979","article-title":"Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from non-epidemic related aquatic habitats","volume":"37","author":"Fliermans, C.B.; Cherry, W.B.; Orrison, L.H.; Thacker, L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fliermans CB, Cherry WB, Orrison LH, Thacker L. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from non-epidemic related aquatic habitats. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979;37:1239-42.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_12","author":"Accepted 19Jlanuary 1981)","unstructured":"(Accepted 19Jlanuary 1981)"},{"issue":"33","key":"ref_13","article-title":"Patients and methods All 1094 patients with a recent confirmed stroke who were admitted to Northwick Park Hospital from October 1972 to September 1978 were considered for the trial","volume":"364","year":"(20%)","unstructured":"Patients and methods All 1094 patients with a recent confirmed stroke who were admitted to Northwick Park Hospital from October 1972 to September 1978 were considered for the trial. Of these, 364 (33%) died while in hospital and 215 patients (20%) made a full recovery while in hospital, in terms not only of day-to-day activities but also of limb function and speech. The remaining 515 patients were considered for the trial. The main criterion for entry was that the patient should","journal-title":"Of these; died while in hospital and 215 patients"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:29:52Z","timestamp":1765549792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6263","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.282.6263.515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-0623","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,2,14]]}}}