{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:32:38Z","timestamp":1785537158509,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6349","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]],"date-time":"1982-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":404179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinically suspected hypomagnesaemia was confirmed in 21 patients over 12 months; all patients had been exposed to either short-term vigorous diuretic treatment or moderate-dosage long-term treatment. Magnesium depletion was compounded by a hospital diet surprisingly low in magnesium, a local soft water supply, and, in some patients, high alcohol intake. Common presenting symptoms included depression, muscle weakness, refractory hypokalaemia, and atrial fibrillation refractory to digoxin treatment. The administration of magnesium supplements resulted in prompt improvement of all symptoms particularly in the case of refractory atrial fibrillation. Chronic low-grade magnesium deficiency from diuretic treatment is more common than published reports suggest. Older patients are at risk, particularly those who have excessive alcohol intake, a diet low in magnesium, or a soft water supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1157-1159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Diuretic-associated hypomagnesaemia."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(68)90151-0","article-title":"Effects of ethacrynic acid and frusemide on urinary calcium, phosphate and magnesium","volume":"17","author":"Duarte, C.G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Duarte CG. Effects of ethacrynic acid and frusemide on urinary calcium, phosphate and magnesium. Metabolism 1968;17:867-76.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"620","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency in patients on long-term diuretic therapy for heart failure","volume":"iii:","author":"Lim, P.; Jacob, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"-2 Lim P, Jacob E. Magnesium deficiency in patients on long-term diuretic therapy for heart failure. Br MedJ 1972;iii:620-2.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.37.2.210","article-title":"Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation in two patients with hypomagnesaemia","volume":"37","author":"Leob, H.S.; Pietras, R.J.; Gunnar, R.M.; Tobin, JR","year":"1968","unstructured":"Leob HS, Pietras RJ, Gunnar RM, Tobin JR. Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation in two patients with hypomagnesaemia. Circulation 1968;37: 210-5.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(73)90818-7","article-title":"Hypomagnesaemia and refractory cardiac arrhythmia in a non-digitalised patient","volume":"31","author":"Chadda, K.D.; Lichstein, E.; Gupta, P.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chadda KD, Lichstein E, Gupta P. Hypomagnesaemia and refractory cardiac arrhythmia in a non-digitalised patient. Am J Cardiol 1973;31: 98-100.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90640-3","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders","volume":"58","author":"Iseri, L.T.; Freed, JR, Bures; A.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Iseri LT, Freed JR, Bures AR. Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. Am J Med 1975;58:837-46.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"280","key":"ref_6","first-page":"805","article-title":"Sudden death and ischaemic heart disease correlation with hardness of local water supply","volume":"1969","author":"Anderson, T.W.; Le Riche, W.H.; Mackay, J.S.","unstructured":"Anderson TW, Le Riche WH, Mackay JS. Sudden death and ischaemic heart disease correlation with hardness of local water supply. N Engl j Med 1969;280:805-7.","journal-title":"N Engl j Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070808","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and the mineral content of drinking water","volume":"27","author":"Crawford, M.D.; Gardener, M.J.; Morris, J.N.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Crawford MD, Gardener MJ, Morris JN. Cardiovascular disease and the mineral content of drinking water. Br Med Bull 1971;27:21-4.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb09676.x","article-title":"Serum magnesium in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"207","author":"Dyckner, T.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dyckner T. Serum magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 1980;207:59-66.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"207","article-title":"Initial serum potassium level in relation to early complications and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction","author":"Dyckner, T.; Helmers, C.; Lundman, T.; Wester, P.O.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dyckner T, Helmers C, Lundman T, Wester PO. Initial serum potassium level in relation to early complications and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 1975;197:207-10.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280280043024","article-title":"Thiazide-induced hypokalaemia; association with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation","volume":"239","author":"Duke, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Duke M. Thiazide-induced hypokalaemia; association with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation. JAMA 1978;239:43-5.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb02645.x","article-title":"Malignant arrhythmias in relation to serum potassium values in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"647","author":"Nordrehaug, J.E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nordrehaug JE. Malignant arrhythmias in relation to serum potassium values in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 1981;647:101-7.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand [Suppl]"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb02646.x","article-title":"In-hospital ventricular fibrillation and its relation to potassium","volume":"647","author":"Hulting, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hulting J. In-hospital ventricular fibrillation and its relation to potassium. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 1981;647:109-16.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand [Suppl]"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"661","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of magnesium by use of methylthymol blue","volume":"17","author":"Connerty, H.V.; Lau, H.S.C.; Briggs, A.R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Connerty HV, Lau HSC, Briggs AR. Spectrophotometric determination of magnesium by use of methylthymol blue. Clin Chem 1971;17:661-2.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref_14","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Effect of aldosterone on the metabolism of magnesium","volume":"1962","author":"Horton, R.; Biglieri, E.G.","unstructured":"Horton R, Biglieri EG. Effect of aldosterone on the metabolism of magnesium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1962;22:1187-92.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.9.683","article-title":"Potassium and magnesium depletion in patients with cirrhosis on maintenance diuretic regimes","volume":"18","author":"Wheeler, P.G.; Smith, T.; Golindano, C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wheeler PG, Smith T, Golindano C, et al. Potassium and magnesium depletion in patients with cirrhosis on maintenance diuretic regimes. Gut 1977;18:683-7.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(70)90394-7","volume":"79","author":"toxicity, Digitalis; hypomagnesaemia","year":"1970","unstructured":"Digitalis toxicity and hypomagnesaemia. Am Hearty 1970;79:57-68.","journal-title":"Am Hearty"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(71)90242-0","article-title":"The role of magnesium in digitalis toxicity","volume":"82","author":"Seller, R.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Seller RH. The role of magnesium in digitalis toxicity. Am Hearty 1971; 82:551-6.","journal-title":"Am Hearty"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"327","article-title":"The effect of amiloride on urinary plasma and lymphocyte magnesium in congestive heart failure patients","volume":"147","author":"Counihan, T.B.; Dunne, A.; Halley, E.; Ryan, M.J.; Ryan, M.P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Counihan TB, Dunne A, Halley E, Ryan MJ, Ryan MP. The effect of amiloride on urinary plasma and lymphocyte magnesium in congestive heart failure patients. IrJ Med Sci 1978;147:327.","journal-title":"IrJ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09127.x","article-title":"The effects of amiloride and triamterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline loaded rats","volume":"72","author":"Devane, J.; Ryan, M.P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Devane J, Ryan MP. The effects of amiloride and triamterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline loaded rats. Br J Pharmacol 1981;72:285-9.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"313","article-title":"Effect of diuretics on renal magnesium and calcium excretion","volume":"45","author":"Hange, S.; Seyberth, H.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hange S, Seyberth H. Effect of diuretics on renal magnesium and calcium excretion. Klin Wochenschr 1967;45:313-4.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Accepted 5","year":"1982","unstructured":"(Accepted 5 August 1982)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1765306873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6349","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1157","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,10,23]]}}}