{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:15:47Z","timestamp":1790666147429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6356","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,11]],"date-time":"1982-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":408412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 94 previously untreated new referrals to a neurological clinic with tonic-clonic or partial seizures or both the failure rate for optimum single-drug treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine after a median of 32 months was 17%. Failure of single-drug treatment was associated especially with the presence of additional neuropsychiatric handicaps but also with partial or mixed seizures, symptomatic epilepsy, and a higher number and frequency of tonic-clonic or partial seizures before treatment. Analysis of the recurrence of seizures suggested that the first year of treatment may be crucial in determining the long-term prognosis. These findings are in keeping with the concept that seizures may predispose to further seizures, and imply that early, effective treatment may be important to prevent evolution into chronic and more intractable epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6356.1699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1699-1701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Early prognosis of epilepsy."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"S D","family":"Shorvon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E H","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"The prognosis of patients with epilepsy","author":"Rodin, E.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rodin EA. The prognosis of patients with epilepsy. Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, 1968."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04857.x","article-title":"Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy","volume":"20","author":"Annegers, J.F.; Hauser, W.A.; Elveback, L.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Elveback LR. Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1979;20:729-37.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"185","article-title":"The long-term outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood","volume-title":"psychiatry","author":"Ounsted, C.; Lindsay, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ounsted C, Lindsay J. The long-term outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood. In: Reynolds EH, Trimble MR, eds. Epilepsy and psychiatry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1981:185-215."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"923","article-title":"One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"i:","author":"Reynolds, E.H.; Chadwick, D.; Galbraith, A.W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Reynolds EH, Chadwick D, Galbraith AW. One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy. Lancet 1976;i:923-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"474","article-title":"One drug for epilepsy","volume":"i:","author":"Shorvon, S.D.; Chadwick, D.; Galbraith, A.W.; Reynolds, E.H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Shorvon SD, Chadwick D, Galbraith AW, Reynolds EH. One drug for epilepsy. Br MedJ7 1978;i:474-6."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"213","article-title":"Monotherapy for epilepsy","volume-title":"therapy: advances in drug monitoring","author":"Shorvon, S.D.; Galbraith, A.W.; Laundy, M.; Vydelingum, L.; Reynolds, E.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shorvon SD, Galbraith AW, Laundy M, Vydelingum L, Reynolds EH. Monotherapy for epilepsy. In: Johannessen SI, Morselli PL, Pippenger CE, Richens A, Schmidt D, Meinardi H, eds. Antiepileptic therapy: advances in drug monitoring. New York: Raven Press, 1980:213-20."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04327.x","article-title":"Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy?","volume":"22","author":"Reynolds, E.H.; Shorvon, S.D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Reynolds EH, Shorvon SD. Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy? Epilepsia 1981;22:1-10.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1975.tb01383.x","article-title":"Carbamazepine (Tegretol) as an anticonvulsant. A controlled double-blind comparison with dilantin","volume":"60","author":"Troupin, A.A.; Green, JR, Halpern; L.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Troupin AA, Green JR, Halpern LM. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) as an anticonvulsant. A controlled double-blind comparison with dilantin. Acta Neurol Scand [Suippl] 1975;60:13-26.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand [Suippl]"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1976.tb03394.x","article-title":"A comparative controlled study between carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin in psychomotor epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Simonsen, N.; Olesen, P.Z.; Kuhl, V.; Lund, M.; Wendlehoe, J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Simonsen N, Olesen PZ, Kuhl V, Lund M, Wendlehoe J. A comparative controlled study between carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin in psychomotor epilepsy. Epilepsia 1976;17:169-76.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Epilepsy and other chronic convulsive diseases","author":"Gowers, W.R.","year":"1881","unstructured":"Gowers WR. Epilepsy and other chronic convulsive diseases. London: Churchill, 1881."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"123","article-title":"Statistical and theoretical considerations in the design of anticonvulsant trials","volume-title":"Advances in epileptology","author":"Shorvon, S.D.; Johnson, A.L.; Reynolds, E.H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Shorvon SD, Johnson AL, Reynolds EH. Statistical and theoretical considerations in the design of anticonvulsant trials. In: Dam M, Gram L, Penry JK, eds. Advances in epileptology. New York: Raven Press, 1981:123-8."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"Accepted","year":"1982","unstructured":"(Accepted 14 September 1982)"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"MEDICINES APPROPRIATED TO THE TEETH-Vehement heat, and vehement cold, are inimical to the teeth, but they are most of all offended by sharp and sour things, and the reason is, because they have neither skin nor flesh to cover them, they delight in such medicines as are cleansing and binding, because they are troubled with defluxions and rheums upon every light occasion; and that's the reason the common use of fat and sweet things, soon rots the teeth","volume-title":"The Complete Herbal","year":"1616","unstructured":"MEDICINES APPROPRIATED TO THE TEETH-Vehement heat, and vehement cold, are inimical to the teeth, but they are most of all offended by sharp and sour things, and the reason is, because they have neither skin nor flesh to cover them, they delight in such medicines as are cleansing and binding, because they are troubled with defluxions and rheums upon every light occasion; and that's the reason the common use of fat and sweet things, soon rots the teeth. 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