{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T20:49:02Z","timestamp":1765313342732,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6367","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]],"date-time":"1983-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":415670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal ultrasound combined with semiquantitative measurements of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum was used for early detection of neural tube defects and omphalocele in 10 147 pregnancies. The accurate assessment of gestational age, obtained by ultrasound, facilitated evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in selecting cases for amniocentesis. The advantage of screening with two independent methods is suggested by the finding that eight out of 10 cases with malformations (spina bifida, encephalocele, anencephalus, omphalocele) were detected when both methods were used. Screening by routine ultrasound alone detected only four malformations and by measurement of alpha-fetoprotein alone only seven. The results suggest that, in a low risk population, ultrasound should be combined with the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein in screening for neural tube defects. Measurement of alpha-fetoprotein is indispensable in detection of the small neural tube defects, where the fetus would survive with severe sequelae. The semi-quantitative analysis of alpha-fetoprotein that may be used in combination with ultrasound examination is of negligible cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"747-749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Screening for fetal malformations using ultrasound and measurements of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"P H","family":"Persson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kullander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Gennser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Grennert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B","family":"Laurell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1323","article-title":"UK Collaborative Study on Alpha-fetoprotein in Relation to Neural-tube Defects. Maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein measurement in antenatal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida in early pregnancy","volume":"i:","year":"1977","unstructured":"UK Collaborative Study on Alpha-fetoprotein in Relation to Neural-tube Defects. Maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein measurement in antenatal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida in early pregnancy. Lancet 1977;i: 1323-32.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347709157205","article-title":"Monitoring of the development of early pregnancy by determination of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum and amniotic fluid samples","volume":"69","author":"Kjessler, B.; Johansson, S.G.D.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kjessler B, Johansson SGD. Monitoring of the development of early pregnancy by determination of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum and amniotic fluid samples. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppi) 1977;69:5-14.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppi)"},{"issue":"78","key":"ref_3","first-page":"15","article-title":"Normal range curves for the intrauterine growth of the biparietal diameter","volume":"1978","author":"Persson, P.H.; Grennert, L.; Gennser, G.; Gullberg, B.","unstructured":"Persson PH, Grennert L, Gennser G, Gullberg B. Normal range curves for the intrauterine growth of the biparietal diameter. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppl) 1978;78:15-20.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppl)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.8.733","article-title":"Method for the detection and identification of alpha fetoprotein in serum","volume":"23","author":"Kohn, J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kohn J. Method for the detection and identification of alpha fetoprotein in serum. J Clin Pathol 1970;23:733-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90246-6","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of proteins by electrophoresis in agarose gel containing antibodies","volume":"15","author":"Laurell, C.B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Laurell CB. Quantitative estimation of proteins by electrophoresis in agarose gel containing antibodies. Anal Biochem 1966;15:45-52.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"alpha-fetoprotein, Norgaard-Pedersen B.Human","year":"1976","unstructured":"Norgaard-Pedersen B. Human alpha-fetoprotein. Scand J Immunol (Suppi) 1976;4:1-45.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol (Suppi)"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"268","article-title":"Maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein and low birth-weight","volume":"ii:","author":"Wald, N.; Cuckle, H.; Stirrat, G.M.; Bennet, M.J.; Turnbull, A.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wald N, Cuckle H, Stirrat GM, Bennet MJ, Turnbull AC. Maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein and low birth-weight. Lancet 1977;ii:268-70.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"article-title":"Accepted 18","year":"1982","key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(Accepted 18 November 1982)"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"468","article-title":"ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO The latest proposal for the promotion of temperance is one which aims at the establishment of a Violet Ribbon Army-an organisation specially designed to put a stop to the practice of taking \"nips\" by persons engaged in commercial pursuits. The members are to pledge themselves never to take any kind of intoxicating liquors in public-houses or dining-rooms. To this, however, should be added a pledge to abstain from indulging in or offering to others \"nips\" during business hours in city offices. In a good many offices, we are told, a decanter of wine is prominent on the mantelpiece or side table for callers to help themselves. This pernicious practice should be treated by \"nipping it in the bud.\"","volume":"i:","unstructured":"ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO The latest proposal for the promotion of temperance is one which aims at the establishment of a Violet Ribbon Army-an organisation specially designed to put a stop to the practice of taking \"nips\" by persons engaged in commercial pursuits. The members are to pledge themselves never to take any kind of intoxicating liquors in public-houses or dining-rooms. To this, however, should be added a pledge to abstain from indulging in or offering to others \"nips\" during business hours in city offices. In a good many offices, we are told, a decanter of wine is prominent on the mantelpiece or side table for callers to help themselves. This pernicious practice should be treated by \"nipping it in the bud.\" (British Medical Journal 1883;i:468.)","journal-title":"(British Medical Journal 1883"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T20:37:29Z","timestamp":1765312649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6367","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6367.747","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1447"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,5]]}}}