{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:29:06Z","timestamp":1790008146184,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6375","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]],"date-time":"1983-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":420508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred and thirty seven previously untreated out-patients with first and second degree haemorrhoids were allocated at random to treatment by infrared coagulation (n=66) or rubber band ligation (n=71). Complete follow up was obtained in 122 patients (60 who had undergone infrared coagulation (group 1), and 62 rubber band ligation (group 2)) at periods from three months to one year after completion of treatment. Infrared coagulation produced a satisfactory outcome in 51 patients (85%): 34 were rendered asymptomatic and 17 improved. Rubber band ligation produced a satisfactory outcome in 57 patients (92%): 33 were rendered asymptomatic and 24 improved. Both methods were equally effective in first and second degree haemorrhoids. The incidence of side effects, particularly discomfort, during and after treatment was significantly higher in those treated by rubber band ligation (p less than 0.001). This appeared to be an appreciable deterrent to future patient compliance. The number of patients losing more than 24 hours from work was higher after rubber band ligation than after infrared coagulation. The number of treatments necessary to cure symptoms did not differ significantly between the two methods. Infrared coagulation was significantly faster than rubber band ligation (p less than 0.001). Infrared coagulation is a simple, fast, and effective outpatient method for the treatment of first and second degree haemorrhoids with fewer troublesome side effects and higher patient acceptability than rubber band ligation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1387-1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Comparison of infrared coagulation and rubber band ligation for first and second degree haemorrhoids: a randomised prospective clinical trial."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"J L","family":"Templeton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T L","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T G","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W A","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800641014","article-title":"Rubber band ligation or lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for treatment of haemorrhoids","volume":"64","author":"Arabi, Y.; Gatehouse, D.; Alexander-Williams, J.; Keighley, M.R.B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Arabi Y, Gatehouse D, Alexander-Williams J, Keighley MRB. Rubber band ligation or lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for treatment of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 1977;64:737-40.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800620216","article-title":"Long term review of the results of rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids","volume":"62","author":"Steinberg, D.M.; Legois, H.; Alexander-Williams, J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Steinberg DM, Legois H, Alexander-Williams J. Long term review of the results of rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 1975;62: 144-6.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800581215","article-title":"Management of internal haemorrhoids by rubber band ligation","volume":"58","author":"Groves, A.R.; Evans, J.C.N.; Alexander-Williams, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Groves AR, Evans JCN, Alexander-Williams J. Management of internal haemorrhoids by rubber band ligation. Br _J Surg 1971;58:923-4.","journal-title":"Br _J Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"22","article-title":"Haemorrhoids in everyday practice","volume":"2","author":"Neiger, A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Neiger A. Haemorrhoids in everyday practice. Proctology 1979;2:22-8.","journal-title":"Proctology"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"602","article-title":"Infra-red coagulation: a new treatment for haemorrhoids","volume":"8","author":"Leceister, R.J.; Nicholls, R.J.; Mann, C.V.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Leceister RJ, Nicholls RJ, Mann CV. Infra-red coagulation: a new treatment for haemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 1981;8:602-5.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1137","article-title":"The management of piles","volume":"285","author":"Alexander-Williams, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Alexander-Williams J. The management of piles. Br Med Y 1982;285: 1137-9.","journal-title":"Br Med Y"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"717","article-title":"Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"147","author":"Sim, A.J.W.; Murie, J.A.; Mackenzie, I.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sim AJW, Murie JA, Mackenzie I. Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial. Acta Chir Scand 1981;147:717-20.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"967","article-title":"Prospective trials of minor surgical procedures and high fibre diet for haemorrhoids","volume":"ii:","author":"Keighley, M.R.B.; Buchmann, P.; Minervini, S.; Arabi, Y.; Alexander-Williams, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Keighley MRB, Buchmann P, Minervini S, Arabi Y, Alexander-Williams J. Prospective trials of minor surgical procedures and high fibre diet for haemorrhoids. Br Med3 1979;ii:967-9."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"545","article-title":"Anal dilatation versus rubber band ligation for internal haemorrhoids","volume-title":"Am7 Surg","volume":"122","author":"Hood, T.R.; Alexander-Williams, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hood TR, Alexander-Williams J. Anal dilatation versus rubber band ligation for internal haemorrhoids. Am7 Surg 1971;122:545-8."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"786","article-title":"Comparison of rubber band ligation and haemorrhoidectomy for second and third degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial. Br3'","volume-title":"Surg","volume":"67","author":"Murie, J.A.; Mackenzie, I.; Sim, A.J.W.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Murie JA, Mackenzie I, Sim AJW. Comparison of rubber band ligation and haemorrhoidectomy for second and third degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial. Br3' Surg 1980;67:786-8."},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Practical proctology","author":"Buie, L.A.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Buie LA. Practical proctology. Springfield Ill: Thomas, 1960."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"536","article-title":"Rubber band ligation versus haemorrhoidectomy for prolapsing haemorrhoids: a long term prospective trial","volume-title":"BrJ7 Surg","volume":"69","author":"Murie, J.A.; Sim, A.J.W.; Mackenzie, I.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Murie JA, Sim AJW, Mackenzie I. Rubber band ligation versus haemorrhoidectomy for prolapsing haemorrhoids: a long term prospective trial. BrJ7 Surg 1982;69:536-8."},{"key":"ref_13","author":"Accepted 12_7anuary 1983)","unstructured":"(Accepted 12_7anuary 1983)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T21:11:34Z","timestamp":1765314694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6375","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6375.1387","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,4,30]]}}}