{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:44:37Z","timestamp":1792813477631,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6383","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]],"date-time":"1983-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":425347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnostic value in coeliac disease of circulating antibodies to casein, crude gliadin, and alpha gliadin was assessed using an adaption of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system. alpha Gliadin was the only antigen which consistently separated 26 patients with untreated coeliac disease from 26 normal controls and 13 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The mean assay index for the 26 patients was 3.1 (SD 1.2) compared with 1.05 (0.5) for the normal controls and 1.1 (0.6) for patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The alpha gliadin antibody levels of six patients with coeliac disease who had maintained a gluten free diet for at least two years were not significantly higher than normal (1.0 (0.4)). The validity of the test was determined in 90 consecutive patients who were being investigated for the presence of coeliac disease. Levels of alpha gliadin antibody were raised in 36 out of 44 patients found to have histologically proved coeliac disease and in six out of 46 subjects whose jejunal mucosa was normal. Serial alpha gliadin concentrations were measured in 12 patients with coeliac disease who had repeat jejunal biopsies performed six months after starting a gluten free diet. The levels of antibody fell in seven of the eight patients whose jejunal mucosa improved on maintaining the diet. They remained raised in four patients who did not adhere to the diet and whose mucosa did not improve. Although a test measuring alpha gliadin antibodies is unlikely to replace jejunal biopsy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease it may be useful in screening for the disease among outpatients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"2007-2010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Alpha gliadin antibody levels: a serological test for coeliac disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"C","family":"O'Farrelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Hekkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Feighery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D G","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"104","key":"ref_1","article-title":"Precipitins to cows' milk and wheat protein in gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"159","author":"Immonen, P.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Immonen P. Precipitins to cows' milk and wheat protein in gastrointestinal disorders. Acta Paediatr Scand 1965;159, suppl:104.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5792.75","article-title":"Precipitins to dietary proteins in serum and upper intestinal secretions of coeliac children","volume":"i:","author":"Ferguson, A.; Carswell, F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ferguson A, Carswell F. Precipitins to dietary proteins in serum and upper intestinal secretions of coeliac children. Br MedJ 1972;i:75-7.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.8.635","article-title":"Immunoglobulins and dietary protein antibodies in childhood coeliac disease","volume":"11","author":"Kenrick, K.G.; Walker-Smith, J.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kenrick KG, Walker-Smith JA. Immunoglobulins and dietary protein antibodies in childhood coeliac disease. Gut 1970;11:635-40.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"68","article-title":"Immunological aspects of coeliac disease","volume":"8","author":"Mietens, C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mietens C. Immunological aspects of coeliac disease. Paediatr Paedol 1973;8:68-79.","journal-title":"Paediatr Paedol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"8592","article-title":"Wheat grains: a substrate for the detection of gluten antibodies in serum of gluten-sensitive patients","volume":"14","author":"Eterman, K.P.; Hekkens, W.T.J.M.; Pena, A.S.; Lems-van Kan, P.H.; Feltkamp, T.E.W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Eterman KP, Hekkens WTJM, Pena AS, Lems-van Kan PH, Feltkamp TEW. Wheat grains: a substrate for the detection of gluten antibodies in serum of gluten-sensitive patients. J Immunol Methods 1977;14:8592.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"92","article-title":"Antibodies to gluten and reticulin in gastrointestinal disease. Clin Exp Immunol","volume":"31","author":"Eterman, K.P.; Feltkamp, T.E.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Eterman KP, Feltkamp TEW. Antibodies to gluten and reticulin in gastrointestinal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1978;31:92-9."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196410082711504","article-title":"Significance of antibodies to dietary proteins in the serum of patients with non-tropical sprue","volume":"271","author":"Kivel, R.; Kearns, D.H.; Liebowitz, D.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kivel R, Kearns DH, Liebowitz D. Significance of antibodies to dietary proteins in the serum of patients with non-tropical sprue. N Engl J Med 1964;271:769-72.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455261","article-title":"Immunofluorescent serum gliadin antibodies in children with coeliac disease and various malabsorptive disorders","volume":"130","author":"Stern, M.; Fischer, K.; Gruttner, R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stern M, Fischer K, Gruttner R. Immunofluorescent serum gliadin antibodies in children with coeliac disease and various malabsorptive disorders. Eur J Pediatr 1979;130:155-64.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Immune complexes containing food proteins in normal and atopic subjects after oral challenge and effect of sodium cromoglycate on antigen absorption","volume":"i:","author":"Paganelli, R.; Levinsky, R.J.; Brostoff, J.; Wraith, D.G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Paganelli R, Levinsky RJ, Brostoff J, Wraith DG. Immune complexes containing food proteins in normal and atopic subjects after oral challenge and effect of sodium cromoglycate on antigen absorption. Lancet 1979;i: 1270-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"562","article-title":"Gastrointestinal allergy","volume":"220","author":"Walker-Smith, J.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Walker-Smith JA. Gastrointestinal allergy. Practitioner 1978;220:562-73.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Inhibition of leucocyte migration by alpha gliadin in patients with gastrointestinal disease: its specificity with respect to coeliac disease and alpha gliadin","volume-title":"Perspectives in coeliac disease","author":"Haeney, M.R.; Asquith, D.","unstructured":"Haeney MR, Asquith D. Inhibition of leucocyte migration by alpha gliadin in patients with gastrointestinal disease: its specificity with respect to coeliac disease and alpha gliadin. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Perspectives in coeliac disease. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978:229."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"The specificity of wheat protein reactivity in coeliac disease","author":"O'Farrelly, C.; Hekkens, W.T.J.M.; Feighery, C.; Weir, D.G.","unstructured":"O'Farrelly C, Hekkens WTJM, Feighery C, Weir DG. The specificity of wheat protein reactivity in coeliac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol (in press).","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.1.83","article-title":"Cellular response to alpha gliadin in untreated coeliac disease","volume":"23","author":"O'Farrelly, C.; Feighery, C.; Greally, J.; Weir, D.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"O'Farrelly C, Feighery C, Greally J, Weir DG. Cellular response to alpha gliadin in untreated coeliac disease. Gut 1982;23:83-7.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"406","article-title":"ELISA-replacement for radioimmunoassay ?","volume":"ii:","author":"Anonymous","year":"1976","unstructured":"Anonymous. ELISA-replacement for radioimmunoassay ? Lancet 1976; ii:406-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Gluten subfractions in coeliac disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Kendall, M.J.; Cox, P.S.; Schneider, R.; Hawkins, C.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kendall MJ, Cox PS, Schneider R, Hawkins CF. Gluten subfractions in coeliac disease. Lancet 1972;ii:1065-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"11","article-title":"Some aspects of gliadin fractionation and testing by a histochemical method","author":"Hekkens, W.T.J.M.; Haex, A.F.; Willighagen, R.G.J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hekkens WTJM, Haex AF, Willighagen RGJ. Some aspects of gliadin fractionation and testing by a histochemical method. In: Booth CC, Dowling RH, eds. Coeliac disease. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1970:11."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"874","article-title":"Are all gliadins toxic in coeliac disease?","volume":"22","author":"Howdle, P.D.; Cicitira, P.J.; Simpson, F.G.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Howdle PD, Cicitira PJ, Simpson FG, Losowsky MS. Are all gliadins toxic in coeliac disease? Gut 1981;22:A874.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"651","article-title":"Wheat gliadin fractions and other cereal antigens reactive with antibodies in the sera of coeliac patients. Clin Exp Immunol","volume":"50","author":"Kieffer, M.; Frazier, P.J.; Daniels, N.W.R.; Coombs, R.R.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kieffer M, Frazier PJ, Daniels NWR, Coombs RRA. Wheat gliadin fractions and other cereal antigens reactive with antibodies in the sera of coeliac patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1982;50:651-60."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"320","article-title":"IgA anti-gliadin antibodies: a marker of mucosal damage in childhood coeliac disease","volume":"i:","author":"Savilahti, E.; Perkkio, M.; Kalimo, K.; Viander, M.; Vainio, E.; Reunala, T.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Savilahti E, Perkkio M, Kalimo K, Viander M, Vainio E, Reunala T. IgA anti-gliadin antibodies: a marker of mucosal damage in childhood coeliac disease. Lancet 1983;i:320-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"286","article-title":"IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease","volume":"46","author":"Unsworth, D.J.; Kieffer, M.; Holborrow, E.J.; Coombs, R.R.A.; Walker-Smith, J.A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Unsworth DJ, Kieffer M, Holborrow EJ, Coombs RRA, Walker-Smith JA. IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1981;46:286-93.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"129","article-title":"JOURNAL VOLUME 286 25 juNE 1983 antibodies (measured by MrsPAH) to alcohol soluble gliadins in adult coeliac patients","volume":"42","author":"MEDICAL, B.R.I.T.I.S.H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 286 25 juNE 1983 antibodies (measured by MrsPAH) to alcohol soluble gliadins in adult coeliac patients. J Immunol Methods 1981;42:129-36.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"95","article-title":"Changes in clinical features of coeliac disease in adults in Edinburgh and the Lothians 1960-79","volume":"286","author":"Logan, R.F.; Tucker, G.; Rifkind, E.A.; Heading, R.C.; Ferguson, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Logan RF, Tucker G, Rifkind EA, Heading RC, Ferguson A. Changes in clinical features of coeliac disease in adults in Edinburgh and the Lothians 1960-79. Br MedJ7 1983;286:95-7."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"137","article-title":"HLA antigens in coeliac patients and controls in the West of Ireland","volume-title":"Perspectives in coeliac disease","author":"Stevens, F.M.; Watt, M.D.; Baker, S.; Egan-Mitchell, B.; McNicholl, B.; McCarthy, C.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stevens FM, Watt MD, Baker S, Egan-Mitchell B, McNicholl B, McCarthy CF. HLA antigens in coeliac patients and controls in the West of Ireland. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Perspectives in coeliac disease. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978:137."},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Increased suppressor cell activity in coeliac disease","author":"O'Farrelly, C.; McKeever, U.; Weir, D.G.; Feighery, C.F.","unstructured":"O'Farrelly C, McKeever U, Weir DG, Feighery CF. Increased suppressor cell activity in coeliac disease. Irish J Med Sci (in press).","journal-title":"Irish J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"884","article-title":"Alpha gliadin sensitive suppression in coeliac disease","volume":"23","author":"O'Farrelly, C.; McKeever, U.; Feighery, C.; Whelan, C.A.; Weir, D.G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"O'Farrelly C, McKeever U, Feighery C, Whelan CA, Weir DG. Alpha gliadin sensitive suppression in coeliac disease. Gut 1982;23:A884.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"Accepted 12","year":"1983","unstructured":"(Accepted 12 April 1983)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T21:44:42Z","timestamp":1765316682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6383","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6383.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,6,25]]}}}