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A history of infertility, headaches (particularly migraine), pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or a raised serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration at the time of screening for neural tube defect in the index pregnancy were all identified as significant risk factors in the pre-eclamptic women. Maternal age, a history of chronic hypertension or renal disease, or excessive maternal weight were not significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Almost all the infants of pre-eclamptic women showed retarded growth: 18 were below the 10th centile and only one weighed more than the 25th centile. Four babies died. These observations indicate that pre-eclampsia of early onset may differ from the late onset disease not only in its very high perinatal morbidity and mortality but in its distinctive maternal risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6392.580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"580-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Case-control study of severe pre-eclampsia of early onset."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"M P","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C W","family":"Redman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Perinatal mortality","author":"NR, I.Butler; DG, Bonham","year":"1963","unstructured":"I Butler NR, Bonham DG. 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