{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:48:27Z","timestamp":1773794907839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6398","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]],"date-time":"1983-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":434419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The lupus anticoagulant was found in the plasma of 31 of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue disorders (mixed connective tissue disease, systemic vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, primary sicca syndrome, discoid lupus, Behcet's syndrome, and systemic sclerosis). Strong associations were found with biological false positive seroreaction for syphilis and thrombocytopenia. The most striking association, however, was with the high prevalence of thrombosis. This tendency to thrombosis was independent of disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. The lupus anticoagulant appears to be a useful marker for a subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at risk for the development of thromboembolic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1021-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":395,"title":["Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: striking association with the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"M L","family":"Boey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B","family":"Colaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A E","family":"Gharavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K B","family":"Elkon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Loizou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G R","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"A haemorrhagic disorder caused by circulating anticoagulant in patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Conley, C.L.; Hartman, R.C.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Conley CL, Hartman RC. A haemorrhagic disorder caused by circulating anticoagulant in patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 1952;31:621-2.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Studies on the coagulation defect in a case of thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by thrombosis","volume":"22","author":"Aggeler, P.M.; Lindsay, S.; Lucia, S.P.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Aggeler PM, Lindsay S, Lucia SP. Studies on the coagulation defect in a case of thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by thrombosis. Am J Pathol 1946;22:1181-203.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"88","article-title":"Purification and kinetic studies on a circulating anticoagulant in a suspected case of lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Yin, E.T.; Gaston, L.W.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Yin ET, Gaston LW. Purification and kinetic studies on a circulating anticoagulant in a suspected case of lupus erythematosus. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 1965;14:88-115.","journal-title":"Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref_4","first-page":"145","article-title":"Circulating anticoagulants: a study of 40 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"1961","author":"Margolius, A.; Jackson, D.P.; Ratnoff, O.D.","unstructured":"Margolius A, Jackson DP, Ratnoff OD. Circulating anticoagulants: a study of 40 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine 1961;40: 145-202.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"75","article-title":"Acquired inhibitors of blood coagulation. Progress in Hemost Thromb","volume":"1","author":"Feinstein, D.I.; Rappaport, S.I.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Feinstein DI, Rappaport SI. Acquired inhibitors of blood coagulation. Progress in Hemost Thromb 1972;1:75-9."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-2-156","article-title":"Thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant","volume":"92","author":"Mueh, JR, Herbst; KD, Rappaport; S.I.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mueh JR, Herbst KD, Rappaport SI. Thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. Ann Intern Med 1980;92:156-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1271","article-title":"revised criteria for the classification of SLE","volume":"25","author":"Tan, E.M.; Cohen, A.S.; Fries, J.F.; et-al","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et-al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271-7.","journal-title":"The"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"212","article-title":"Am)'","volume-title":"Clin Pathol 1961","volume":"36","unstructured":"Am)' Clin Pathol 1961;36:212-9."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Biological false positive reactions and systemic disease","volume-title":"symposium on advanced medicine","author":"Catterall, R.D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Catterall RD. Biological false positive reactions and systemic disease. In: Walker G, ed. Ninth symposium on advanced medicine. London: Pitman Medical, 1973."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(55)90039-4","article-title":"The natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus: an approach to its study through biologic false reactors","volume":"1","author":"Moore, J.E.; Lutz, W.B.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Moore JE, Lutz WB. The natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus: an approach to its study through biologic false reactors. J Chronic Dis 1955;1:297-316.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus","author":"Dubois, E.L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dubois EL. Lupus erythematosus. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00204-6","article-title":"The clotting defect in SLE","volume":"8","author":"Byron, M.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Byron MA. The clotting defect in SLE. Clin Rheum Dis 1982;8:137-51.","journal-title":"Clin Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V48.4.499.499","article-title":"A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant","volume":"48","author":"Schleider, M.A.; Nachman, R.L.; Jaffe, E.A.; Coleman, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schleider MA, Nachman RL, Jaffe EA, Coleman M. A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant. Blood 1976;48:499-509.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"253","article-title":"Circulating anticoagulant in disseminated lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Jj, Veltkamp; P, Kerkhoren; EA, Loeliger","year":"1974","unstructured":"Veltkamp Jj, Kerkhoren P, Loeliger EA. Circulating anticoagulant in disseminated lupus erythematosus. Haemostasis 1974;2:253-9.","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109869","article-title":"Monoclonal immunoglobulin M)S coagulation inhibitor with phospholipid specificity-mechanism of a lupus anticoagulant","volume":"66","author":"Thiagarajan, P.; Shapiro, S.S.; DeMarco, L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thiagarajan P, Shapiro SS, DeMarco L. Monoclonal immunoglobulin M)S coagulation inhibitor with phospholipid specificity-mechanism of a lupus anticoagulant. Jf Clin Invest 1980;66:397-405.","journal-title":"Jf Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"105","article-title":"The ocurrence of circulating anticoagulants in patients with syphilitic and biologically false positive antilipoidal antibodies","volume":"6","author":"Johansson, E.A.; Lassus, A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Johansson EA, Lassus A. The ocurrence of circulating anticoagulants in patients with syphilitic and biologically false positive antilipoidal antibodies. Ann Clin Res 1974;6:105-8.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"694","article-title":"Hypergammaglobulinemia, circulating anticoagulant and biologic false positive Wassermann reaction","volume":"49","author":"Laurell, A.B.; Nilsson, I.M.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Laurell AB, Nilsson IM. Hypergammaglobulinemia, circulating anticoagulant and biologic false positive Wassermann reaction. Jf Lab Clin Med 1957;49:694-707.","journal-title":"Jf Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32430-0","article-title":"Circulating anticoagulants","volume":"56","author":"Green, D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Green D. Circulating anticoagulants. Med Clin North Am 1972;56:145-51.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92087-0","article-title":"Arterial thrombosis, intrauterine death and lupus anticoagulant: detection of immunoglobulin interfering with prostacyclin formation","volume":"i:","author":"Carreras, L.O.; Defreyn, G.; Machin, S.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Carreras LO, Defreyn G, Machin SJ, et al. Arterial thrombosis, intrauterine death and lupus anticoagulant: detection of immunoglobulin interfering with prostacyclin formation. Lancet 1981;i:244-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.39.5.524","article-title":"Reduced prostacyclin activity in SLE","volume":"39","author":"McVerry, B.A.; Machin, S.J.; Parry, H.; Goldstone, A.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"McVerry BA, Machin SJ, Parry H, Goldstone AH. Reduced prostacyclin activity in SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 1980;39:524-5.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90361-X","article-title":"Possible relationship between lupus inhibitor and recurrent abortion in young women","volume":"ii:","author":"Firkin, B.G.; Howard, M.A.; Radford, N.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Firkin BG, Howard MA, Radford N. Possible relationship between lupus inhibitor and recurrent abortion in young women. Lancet 1980;ii:366.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"457","article-title":"The coagulation abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Gonyea, L.; Herdman, R.; Bridges, R.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gonyea L, Herdman R, Bridges RA. The coagulation abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 1968;20:457-64.","journal-title":"Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica"},{"key":"ref_23","author":"Accepted 28_7une 1983)","unstructured":"(Accepted 28_7une 1983)"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Ascites in breast cancer Metastatic breast cancer may manifest as serous effusions. Pleural effusions are a common complication of breast cancer, and recent studies have shown that they may be alleviated effectively by early chemical pleurodesis.' Patients treated in this way have a mean survival time of 16 months from presentation.2 To determine whether similar relief might be obtained in patients with the less common complication of ascites, we reviewed patients under the care of this unit who developed ascites during the decade 1972-81; we established the incidence of this complication, the clinical features of the patients, and the duration of survival after presentation with ascites","unstructured":"Ascites in breast cancer Metastatic breast cancer may manifest as serous effusions. Pleural effusions are a common complication of breast cancer, and recent studies have shown that they may be alleviated effectively by early chemical pleurodesis.' Patients treated in this way have a mean survival time of 16 months from presentation.2 To determine whether similar relief might be obtained in patients with the less common complication of ascites, we reviewed patients under the care of this unit who developed ascites during the decade 1972-81; we established the incidence of this complication, the clinical features of the patients, and the duration of survival after presentation with ascites."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"151","article-title":"Control of pleural effusions: a randomised trial","volume":"52","author":"Fentiman, I.S.; Rubens, R.D.; Hayward, J.L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fentiman IS, Rubens RD, Hayward JL. Control of pleural effusions: a randomised trial. Cancer 1983;52:151-3.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810415)47:8<2087::AID-CNCR2820470830>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Pleural effusion in breast cancer: a review of 105 cases","volume":"47","author":"Fentiman, I.S.; Millis, R.R.; Hayward, J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fentiman IS, Millis RR, Hayward JL. Pleural effusion in breast cancer: a review of 105 cases. Cancer 1981;47:2087-92.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"447","article-title":"Intracavitary adriamycin nitrogen mustard and tetracycline in the control of malignant effusions. Medj7Aust 1980; 2","author":"Kefford, R.F.; Woods, R.L.; Fox, R.M.; Tattersall, M.H.N.","unstructured":"Kefford RF, Woods RL, Fox RM, Tattersall MHN. Intracavitary adriamycin nitrogen mustard and tetracycline in the control of malignant effusions. Medj7Aust 1980;2:447-8."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197410000-00023","article-title":"Peritoneo-venous shunting for ascites","volume":"180","author":"Leveen, H.H.; Christoudias, G.; Moon, I.P.; Luff, R.; Falk, G.; Grosberg, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Leveen HH, Christoudias G, Moon IP, Luff R, Falk G, Grosberg S. Peritoneo-venous shunting for ascites. Ann Surg 1974;180:580-91.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_29","author":"Accepted 2J'une 1983)","unstructured":"(Accepted 2J'une 1983)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T22:42:16Z","timestamp":1765320136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6398","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.287.6398.1021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,8]]}}}