{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:11:43Z","timestamp":1790385103824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6416","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]],"date-time":"1984-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":445910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During a prospective study of infectious gastroenteritis in children under 2 years, 19 out of 390 patients (4.9%) were found to have Clostridium difficile cytotoxin in the faeces. In several there was no history of use of antibiotics. The symptoms of many infants with toxin settled spontaneously, but one child became acutely and severely ill and developed a toxic megacolon and five others required, and responded to, vancomycin. Cl difficile was cultured from the stools in 191 (49%) of the children. The highly significant increased prevalence of past use of antibiotics in 118 control patients was not associated with an increased incidence of either isolation of Cl difficile or presence of faecal cytotoxin. Cl difficile should not be overlooked as a cause of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in children under 2 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"524-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in infants admitted to hospital with infectious gastroenteritis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"M E","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B K","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E M","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K R","family":"Bundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Clostridium difficile in association with sporadic diarrhoea. Br MedJ'","volume":"284","author":"Brettle, R.P.; Poxton, I.R.; McMurdoch, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Brettle RP, Poxton IR, McMurdoch J, et al. Clostridium difficile in association with sporadic diarrhoea. Br MedJ' 1982;284:230-3."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"242","article-title":"Clostridium difficile colitis unassociated with antibiotic therapy","volume-title":"BrJ7 Surg","volume":"70","author":"Ellis, M.E.; Watson, B.; Milewski, P.J.; Jones, G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ellis ME, Watson B, Milewski PJ, Jones G. Clostridium difficile colitis unassociated with antibiotic therapy. BrJ7 Surg 1983;70:242-3."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"319","article-title":"Clostridial toxin in faeces of healthy infants","volume":"ii:","author":"Rietra, P.J.G.M.; Slaterus, K.W.; Meuwissen, S.G.M.; Zanen, H.C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rietra PJGM, Slaterus KW, Meuwissen SGM, Zanen HC. Clostridial toxin in faeces of healthy infants. Lancet 1978;ii:319.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-week-old infant","volume":"283","author":"Richardson, S.A.; Brookfield, D.S.K.; French, T.A.; Gray, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Richardson SA, Brookfield DSK, French TA, Gray J. Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-week-old infant. Br Med3 1981;283:1510."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.521","article-title":"Contemporary gastroenteritis of infancy: clinical features and prehospital management","volume":"288","author":"Ellis, M.E.; Watson, B.; Mandal, B.K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ellis ME, Watson B, Mandal BK, et al. Contemporary gastroenteritis of infancy: clinical features and prehospital management. Br MedJf 1984; 288:521-3.","journal-title":"Br MedJf"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"345","article-title":"Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-weekold infant","volume":"284","author":"Mandal, B.K.; Watson, B.; Ellis, M.E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mandal BK, Watson B, Ellis ME. Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-weekold infant. Br Med_3 1982;284:345-6."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.8.713","article-title":"Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Greenfield, C.; Aguilar-Ramirez, JR, Pounder; R.E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Greenfield C, Aguilar-Ramirez JR, Pounder RE, et al. Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1983;24:713-7.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00365548.1981.11690365","article-title":"Recovery of Clostridium difficile from children","volume":"13","author":"Holst, E.; Helin, I.; Per-Anders, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Holst E, Helin I, Per-Anders M. Recovery of Clostridium difficile from children. Scand_] Infect Dis 1981;13:41-5.","journal-title":"Scand_] Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Accepted 25 Novemnber","year":"1983","unstructured":"(Accepted 25 Novemnber 1983)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T19:53:03Z","timestamp":1765396383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6416.524","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1447","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,18]]}}}