{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T20:01:42Z","timestamp":1765396902281,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6417","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]],"date-time":"1984-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":446515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"628-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Toxocariasis in the British Isles 1982-3."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"G H","family":"R\u00e9e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Voller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H A","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Toxocariasis as a public health problem","volume":"84","author":"AW, I.Woodruff","year":"1976","unstructured":"I Woodruff AW. Toxocariasis as a public health problem. Environmental Health 1976;84:29-31.","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref_2","first-page":"\"3De\" # \"284","article-title":"Toxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme immunology","volume":"663","author":"Toxocariasis, Woodruff A.W.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Woodruff AW. Toxocariasis. Br MedJ 1970;iii:663-9. 3De Savigny DH, Voller A, Woodruff AW. Toxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme immunology. J Clin Pathol 1979;32:284-8.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197802232980806","article-title":"Toxocaral visceral larva migrans","volume":"298","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schantz PM, Glickman LT. Toxocaral visceral larva migrans. N Engl J Med 1978;298:436-9.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.21.4.449","article-title":"The detection of circulating antibody in human toxocara infections using the indirect fluorescent antibody test","volume":"21","author":"Bissen, B.; Woodruff, A.W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bissen B, Woodruff AW. The detection of circulating antibody in human toxocara infections using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. J Clin Pathol 1968;21:449-55.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90144-4","article-title":"Toxocaral larva migrans: the use of larval secretory antigens in haemagglutination and soluble antigen fluorescent antibody tests","volume":"71","author":"DH, De Savigny; IR, Tizard","year":"1977","unstructured":"De Savigny DH, Tizard IR. Toxocaral larva migrans: the use of larval secretory antigens in haemagglutination and soluble antigen fluorescent antibody tests. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977;71:501-7.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(71)90079-8","article-title":"Advances in methodology for immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases","volume":"30","author":"Fife, E.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fife EH. Advances in methodology for immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases. Exp Parasit 1971;30:132-63.","journal-title":"Exp Parasit"},{"article-title":"Influenza surveillance","year":"1982","key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Influenza surveillance: November 1982-June 1983"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"when","article-title":"As in the previous four winters the prevalence of influenza remained low throughout the 1982-3 season. Most of the indices used in surveillance suggested that influenza was most active from early January to early March. For the first 10 weeks of 1983 clinical influenza was reported to the Royal College of General Practitioners at rates which were about twice the seasonal average for non-epidemic years; unlike the previous winter's influenza there was no definite peak. By the end of the winter 0 5% of the practice populations had consulted with influenza, compared with 1-1% in the previous winter","volume-title":"much of the illness was caused by influenza B virus. Outbreaks were reported in boarding schools, hospitals, and residential units for the elderly","year":"1981","unstructured":"As in the previous four winters the prevalence of influenza remained low throughout the 1982-3 season. Most of the indices used in surveillance suggested that influenza was most active from early January to early March. For the first 10 weeks of 1983 clinical influenza was reported to the Royal College of General Practitioners at rates which were about twice the seasonal average for non-epidemic years; unlike the previous winter's influenza there was no definite peak. By the end of the winter 0 5% of the practice populations had consulted with influenza, compared with 1-1% in the previous winter (1981-2), when much of the illness was caused by influenza B virus. Outbreaks were reported in boarding schools, hospitals, and residential units for the elderly."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Influenza A viruses were identified from","volume-title":"to June 1983, and from the second week in January 1983 to the last week in March the numbers of reports exceeded 100 per week, with a peak of 229 in the 10th week of the year, the highest since 1977-8. Eighty per cent of the identifications were of subtype H3N2, and the predominance of this subtype was reflected in the wide age distribution of patients with influenza A infections (see figure). H1N, infections tend mostly to attack those below about 25 years of age. Only a few influenza B viruses were identified","year":"1982","unstructured":"Influenza A viruses were identified from October 1982 to June 1983, and from the second week in January 1983 to the last week in March the numbers of reports exceeded 100 per week, with a peak of 229 in the 10th week of the year, the highest since 1977-8. Eighty per cent of the identifications were of subtype H3N2, and the predominance of this subtype was reflected in the wide age distribution of patients with influenza A infections (see figure). H1N, infections tend mostly to attack those below about 25 years of age. Only a few influenza B viruses were identified."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Data for respiratory deaths (see figure) and for deaths from all causes were consistent with the other indices, showing that influenza activity was only fairly low in 1982-3. Mortality started to rise at the end of December, returned to the seasonal average early in March, and remained below average for the rest of the surveillance period. A retrospective estimate of 2000 \"excess deaths\" was made for the winter period, compared with 3000 in 1981-2 and 17 000 in 1975-6, the last major epidemic winter.","article-title":"Data for respiratory deaths (see figure) and for deaths from all causes were consistent with the other indices, showing that influenza activity was only fairly low in 1982-3. Mortality started to rise at the end of December, returned to the seasonal average early in March, and remained below average for the rest of the surveillance period. A retrospective estimate of 2000 \"excess deaths\" was made for the winter period, compared with 3000 in 1981-2 and 17 000 in 1975-6, the last major epidemic winter"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Influenza A activity was noted in early December in parts of West Germany and Canada. By mid-January sporadic cases and localised outbreaks had also been reported from many European countries. In the United States, though there was widespread activity in several states, overall only a low to moderate peak incidence was reached, with maximum activity generally in February or March; as in Britain, subtype H,N2 predominated. Throughout the 1982-3 season in the northern hemisphere the most common strains were intermediate cross reacting viruses closely related to A\/Bangkok\/l\/79 and A\/Texas\/1\/77, but some reacted poorly with antisera to these two variants and resembled A\/Philippines\/2\/82. Thus there was some evidence of antigenic drift. Influenza A H,N, and influenza B were much less frequently reported.","article-title":"Influenza A activity was noted in early December in parts of West Germany and Canada. By mid-January sporadic cases and localised outbreaks had also been reported from many European countries. In the United States, though there was widespread activity in several states, overall only a low to moderate peak incidence was reached, with maximum activity generally in February or March; as in Britain, subtype H, N2 predominated. Throughout the 1982-3 season in the northern hemisphere the most common strains were intermediate cross reacting viruses closely related to A\/Bangkok\/l\/79 and A\/Texas\/1\/77, but some reacted poorly with antisera to these two variants and resembled A\/Philippines\/2\/82. Thus there was some evidence of antigenic drift. Influenza A H, N, and influenza B were much less frequently reported"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T19:59:34Z","timestamp":1765396774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.288.6417.628","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1447"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,25]]}}}