{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:11:38Z","timestamp":1789823498374,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6430","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,5,26]],"date-time":"1984-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":454377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficacy of prophylactic penicillin and of 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumococcal infection in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease was investigated in 242 children aged 6 months to 3 years at entry. In the first five years of the trial there were 11 pneumococcal infections in the pneumococcal vaccine treated group, 10 by serotypes present in the vaccine. Type 23 accounted for five of these, and there was evidence of higher infection rates in those given the vaccine before age 1. No pneumococcal isolations occurred in the penicillin group while receiving penicillin, although four isolations occurred within one year of stopping penicillin. Probably the most effective prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection requires penicillin beyond the age of 3. The age at which pneumococcal vaccine should be given must await further data on antibody response and clinical efficacy in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6430.1567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1567-1570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with homozygous sickle cell disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"A B","family":"John","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ramlal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G H","family":"Maude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A W","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G R","family":"Serjeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197103000-00002","article-title":"Bacterial infection and sickle cell anemia","volume":"50","author":"Barrett-Connor, E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Barrett-Connor E. Bacterial infection and sickle cell anemia. Medicine 1971;50:97-1 12.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"784","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis and septicaemia in sickle cell disease","volume":"131","author":"Overturf, G.D.; Powars, D.; Baraff, L.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Overturf GD, Powars D, Baraff LJ. Bacterial meningitis and septicaemia in sickle cell disease. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:784-7.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92527-8","article-title":"Early splenomegaly in homozygous sickle cell disease: an indicator of susceptibility to infection","volume":"ii:","author":"Rogers, D.W.; Vaidya, S.; Serjeant, G.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rogers DW, Vaidya S, Serjeant GR. Early splenomegaly in homozygous sickle cell disease: an indicator of susceptibility to infection. 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Lancet 1977;ii:995-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.4.452","article-title":"Serum penicillin concentrations after intramuscular administration of benzathine penicillin G in children","volume":"69","author":"Ginsberg, C.M.; McCracken, G.H.; Zweighaft, T.C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ginsberg CM, McCracken GH, Zweighaft TC. Serum penicillin concentrations after intramuscular administration of benzathine penicillin G in children. Pediatrics 1982;69:452-4.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907053010106","article-title":"Failure of pneumococcal vaccine in children with sickle-cell disease","volume":"301","author":"Ahonkhai, VI, Landesman; SH, Fikrig; S.M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ahonkhai VI, Landesman SH, Fikrig SM, et al. Failure of pneumococcal vaccine in children with sickle-cell disease. N Engl J Med 1979;301: 26-7.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198009043031003","article-title":"Pneumococcal disease after pneumococcal vaccination. An alternative method to estimate the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine","volume":"303","author":"Broome, C.V.; Facklam, R.R.; Fraser, D.W.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Broome CV, Facklam RR, Fraser DW. Pneumococcal disease after pneumococcal vaccination. An alternative method to estimate the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine. N EnglJ7 Med 1980;303:549-52.","journal-title":"N EnglJ7 Med"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol","volume":"4","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1982;4:25-35."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"148","article-title":"Vaccination and revaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines","volume-title":"adults and infants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med","volume":"157","author":"Borgono, J.M.; McLean, A.A.; Vella, P.P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Borgono JM, McLean AA, Vella PP, et al. Vaccination and revaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in adults and infants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1978;157:148-54."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.62.5.721","article-title":"Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children","volume":"62","author":"Cowan, M.J.; Ammann, A.J.; Wara, D.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DJ, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. Pediatrics 1978;62:721-7.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Studies in human subjects of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines. 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Antibody responses to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in infants with sickle cell anemia.J7 Pediatr 1980;96:264-6."},{"key":"ref_17","series-title":"Population Studies B PEARSON, MSC, lecturer in economic and social statistics Correspondence to: Dr R Snowden","article-title":"A detailed analysis was undertaken of reports of possible pelvic infection in relation to the use of four commonly fitted intrauterine contraceptive devices during 1971 to 1978 in the United Kingdom. The four devices were the Dalkon shield, Lippes loops 3C and 2D, and the Gravigard (copper 7), and data used were those collected systematically through the UK intrauterine device research network. Prospective reports that the Dalkon shield was uniquely related to high levels of infection when compared with other intrauterine devices were not substantiated in this prospective study among 13 349 users. 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