{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1765404071764,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6437","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,7,14]],"date-time":"1984-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":458611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thiamine state was investigated in patients with alcoholic liver disease, patients with various non-alcoholic liver diseases, and controls using a direct technique (thiochrome assay) to measure thiamine, thiamine monophospate, and the active coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate in whole blood after isolating the fractions by ion exchange chromatography. Overall nutrition was similar in all groups as assessed by anthropometry, and no patient had clinical evidence of thiamine deficiency. There was no significant difference among the groups in mean concentration of any form of thiamine. The scatter was much greater in patients with alcoholic liver disease but only 8.7% had biochemical thiamine deficiency (defined as a blood concentration of the active coenzyme greater than 2 SD below the mean control value). An unexpected finding was of abnormally high total thiamine concentrations (greater than 2 SD above the mean control value) in 17.4% of patients with alcoholic liver disease, the highest concentrations being found in two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated thiamine was calculated as an index of phosphorylation and, although the mean did not differ significantly among the groups, the range was greatest in alcoholic liver disease. The lowest ratios occurred in the two patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, but neither had evidence of thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency. Contrary to studies using indirect assay techniques, these results suggest that thiamine deficiency is unusual in well nourished patients with alcoholic liver disease. The new finding of unexpectedly high thiamine concentrations in some patients may be due to abnormalities of hepatic storage or release in liver disease, particularly in severe alcoholic hepatitis. There was no convincing evidence of impaired thiamine phosphorylation in any patients with liver disease. Conclusions from studies using indirect assays on the prevalence and mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in liver diseases may not be valid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6437.79","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"79-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Blood thiamine and thiamine phosphate ester concentrations in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"289","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Dancy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M K","family":"Gaitonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/21.11.1329","article-title":"Nutritional status of alcoholics","volume":"21","author":"Neville, J.M.; Eagle, J.A.; Samson, G.; Olson, R.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Neville JM, Eagle JA, Samson G, Olson RE. Nutritional status of alcoholics. Am J Clin Nutr 1968;21:1329-40.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(82)90034-1","article-title":"Critique: neurotransmitter function in thiamine deficiency and encephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Gaitonde, M.K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gaitonde MK. Critique: neurotransmitter function in thiamine deficiency and encephalopathy. Neurochemistry International 1982;4:465-6.","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071727","article-title":"Alcohol and nutrition","volume":"38","author":"Morgan, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Morgan M. Alcohol and nutrition. 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Am J7 Clin Nutr 1981;34: 1031-3.","journal-title":"Am J7 Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/108.3.421","article-title":"The determination of thiamine pyrophosphate in blood and other tissues, and its correlation with erythrocyte transketolase activity","volume":"108","author":"Warnock, L.G.; Prudhomme, C.R.; Wagner, C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Warnock LG, Prudhomme CR, Wagner C. The determination of thiamine pyrophosphate in blood and other tissues, and its correlation with erythrocyte transketolase activity. Jf Nutr 1978;108:421-7.","journal-title":"Jf Nutr"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effect of ethanol administration on thiamine metabolism and transketolase activity in rats","volume":"47","author":"Abe, T.; Itokawa, Y.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Abe T, Itokawa Y. Effect of ethanol administration on thiamine metabolism and transketolase activity in rats. IntJ Vitam Nutr Res 1977;47:307-14.","journal-title":"IntJ Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Automated method for the analysis of thiamine in milk, with application to other selected food","volume":"57","author":"Kirk, JR","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kirk JR. Automated method for the analysis of thiamine in milk, with application to other selected food. Jf Assoc Off Anal Chem 1974;57:1081-4.","journal-title":"Jf Assoc Off Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"\"29","article-title":"Early signs of thiamine deficiency","volume":"22","author":"Somogyi, J.C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Somogyi JC. Early signs of thiamine deficiency. Jf Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1976;22(suppl):29-32. '0 Sauberlich HE. Biochemical alterations in thiamine deficiency-their interpretation. Am Jf Clin Nutr 1967;20:528-42.","journal-title":"Jf Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo); 0 Sauberlich HE. Biochemical alterations in thiamine deficiency-their interpretation"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"273","article-title":"Erythrocyte transketolase activity in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Camilo, M.E.; Morgan, M.Y.; Sherlock, S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Camilo ME, Morgan MY, Sherlock S. Erythrocyte transketolase activity in alcoholic liver disease. Scandj7 Gastroenterol 1981;16:273-9."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527809181738","article-title":"Red blood cell transketolase activity and the effect of thiamine supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Rossouw, J.E.; Labadarios, D.; Krasner, N.; David, M.; Williams, R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rossouw JE, Labadarios D, Krasner N, David M, Williams R. Red blood cell transketolase activity and the effect of thiamine supplementation in patients with chronic liver disease. Scandj Gastroenterol 1978;13:133-8.","journal-title":"Scandj Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/27.7.743","article-title":"Release by ethanol of vitamins into rat liver perfusates","volume":"27","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sorrell MF, Baker H, Barak AJ, Frank 0. Release by ethanol of vitamins into rat liver perfusates. Am J Clin Nutr 1974;27:743-5.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.12.2750","article-title":"Mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholism","volume":"33","author":"Hoyumpa, A.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"\"Hoyumpa AM. Mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:2750-61. 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