{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1765409437826,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6457","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]],"date-time":"1984-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":470707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The severity of injuries sustained by 2577 car occupants in road traffic accidents in the catchment area of one district accident service during February 1982 to January 1984 inclusive was assessed using the injury severity score system. In the first 12 months the mean injury severity score for front seat occupants injured in a road traffic accident was 4.94 and in the second 12 month period, after the implementation of the seat belt law, the mean injury severity score of all injured front seat occupants was 2.80. These figures indicated a reduction in injury severity of front seat occupants of 53.4% on the previous 12 month figures. The severity of injury sustained by unbelted front seat occupants and back seat passengers showed no significant change over the two years. The number of front seat occupants killed or sustaining serious injuries (injury severity score greater than 12) showed a reduction of 54% in the 12 months beginning February 1983. Front seat occupants requiring admission for injuries sustained showed a decline of 42% in the 12 months after the introduction of the seat belt law, and deaths among front seat occupants fell by 27% compared with the previous 12 months. After the implementation of seat belt legislation those front seat occupants killed or sustaining serious injuries included a significantly higher proportion of victims who were not wearing their seat belts or showed positive evidence of alcohol intake at the time of the accident. This series suggests that the incidence of serious injury or deaths among front seat occupants of cars has decreased substantially since the seat belt law became effective on 31 January 1983.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1525-1526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Morbidity and mortality of car occupants: comparative survey over 24 months."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"289","author":[{"given":"M S","family":"Christian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/002580247701700104","article-title":"Traffic-crash fatalities (1968-73); injury patterns and other factors","volume":"17","author":"JI, I.Tonge; MJJ, O.'Reilly; A, Davison; NG, Johnston; IS, Wilkey","year":"1977","unstructured":"I Tonge JI, O'Reilly MJJ, Davison A, Johnston NG, Wilkey IS. Traffic-crash fatalities (1968-73); injury patterns and other factors. Med Sci Law 1977;17:9-74.","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Seat belt crash performance in Australia","author":"Herbert, D.C.; Vazey, B.A.; Henderson, J.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Herbert DC, Vazey BA, Henderson JM. Seat belt crash performance in Australia. New South Wales: Traffic Accident Research Unit, Department of Motor Transport, 1976. (No 4\/76.)"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"In-depth index analysis offatalities to wearers ofseat belts","author":"Vazey, B.A.; Holt, B.W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vazey BA, Holt BW. In-depth index analysis offatalities to wearers ofseat belts. New South Wales: Traffic Accident Research Unit, Department of Motor I'ransport, 1976. (No 2\/76.)"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"The effectiveness of seat belts in reducing injuries to car occupants","author":"Hobbs, C.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hobbs CA. The effectiveness of seat belts in reducing injuries to car occupants. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1978. (Report No 811.)","journal-title":"Transport and Road Research Laboratory"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"10","article-title":"Non-fatal injuries sustained by seat belt wearers; a comparative study","volume":"13","author":"Christian, M.S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Christian MS. Non-fatal injuries sustained by seat belt wearers; a comparative study. Br Med7 1976;ii: 13 10-1."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"The protection afforded by seat belts. Transport and Road","author":"Grime, G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Grime G. The protection afforded by seat belts. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1979. (Supplementarv report No 449.)","journal-title":"Research Laboratory; Supplementarv report No 449"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Classification of injury severiy by length of stay in hospital","author":"Hobbs, C.A.; Grattan, E.; Hobbs, J.A.","year":"871.)","unstructured":"Hobbs CA, Grattan E, Hobbs JA. Classification of injury severiy by length of stay in hospital. London: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1979. (Report No 871.)"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"International classification ofdiseases; annual ofinternational statistical classification ofdiseases, injuries and causes ofdeath. 9th revision","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1979","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International classification ofdiseases; annual ofinternational statistical classification ofdiseases, injuries and causes ofdeath. 9th revision. Geneva: WHO, 1979."},{"article-title":"The American Association for Automotive Medicine. The abbreviated injuries scale","year":"1976","key":"ref_9","unstructured":"The American Association for Automotive Medicine. The abbreviated injuries scale. Illinois: AAAM, 1976."},{"article-title":"The American Association for Automotive Medicine. The abbreviated injuries scale, 1980 revision","year":"1980","key":"ref_10","unstructured":"The American Association for Automotive Medicine. The abbreviated injuries scale, 1980 revision. Illinois: AAAM, 1980."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(83)90156-0","article-title":"An assessment of the validity of the injury severity score when applied to gunshot wounds","volume":"15","author":"Beverland, D.E.; Rutherford, W.H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Beverland DE, Rutherford WH. An assessment of the validity of the injury severity score when applied to gunshot wounds. Injury 1983;15:19-22.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(83)90054-2","article-title":"Evaluation of a hospital based accident flying squad using an injury scoring system","volume":"14","author":"Gorman, D.F.; Coals, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gorman DF, Coals J. Evaluation of a hospital based accident flying squad using an injury scoring system. Injury 1983;14:513-8.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"5","article-title":"Traffic crash fatalities; injury patterns and other factors. Medj7 Aust","volume":"ii:","author":"Tonge, J.I.; O'Reilly, M.J.J.; Davison, A.; Johnston, N.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Tonge JI, O'Reilly MJJ, Davison A, Johnston NG. Traffic crash fatalities; injury patterns and other factors. Medj7 Aust 1972;ii:5-13."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"320","article-title":"Non-fatal injuries sustained by back seat passengers","volume":"i:","author":"Christian, M.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Christian MS. Non-fatal injuries sustained by back seat passengers. BrMedJ 1975;i:320-2.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"},{"article-title":"Accepted","year":"1984","key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(Accepted 6 September 1984)"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00620-9","article-title":"Non-ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"13","author":"Lagarde, S.P.; Spiro, H.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lagarde SP, Spiro HM. Non-ulcer dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterot 1984;13:437-46.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterot"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T23:19:28Z","timestamp":1765408768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6457","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.289.6457.1525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1447","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1447"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,12,1]]}}}