{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:13:06Z","timestamp":1774566786465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6468","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]],"date-time":"1985-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":477964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a retrospective analysis the records of all (210) infants ventilated to treat the respiratory distress syndrome over three years were reviewed. A mortality of 19% was found. Intraventricular haemorrhage was associated than a significant increase in mortality in infants of less with 30 weeks' gestation (p less than 0.001) and was the commonest cause of death. Pneumothoraces developed in one third of babies regardless of gestational age but were significantly associated with an increase in mortality only in infants of 27-29 weeks' gestation. Patent ductus arteriosus was present in 31 infants and was commoner in babies of very low birth weight. The presence of a patent ductus arteriosus was not associated with decreased survival but was significantly related to an increased need for prolonged respiratory support (p less than 0.001). Thirty six infants developed chronic lung disease, three of whom died. Comparison with data from earlier studies indicated a steady improvement over the past decade in outcome for infants ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"597-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Morbidity and survival in neonates ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Greenough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N R","family":"Roberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Evaluation of respiratory support therapy in 135 newborn babies: survival and respiratory complications","volume":"19","author":"Birenbaum, E.; Brish, M.; Lison, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Birenbaum E, Brish M, Lison M. Evaluation of respiratory support therapy in 135 newborn babies: survival and respiratory complications. Isr J Med Sci 1983;19:651-2.","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Management of neonatal respiratory failure. J7 R Coll","volume":"11","author":"Roberton, N.R.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Roberton NRC. Management of neonatal respiratory failure. J7 R Coll Physicians Lond 1977;11:389-400.","journal-title":"Physicians Lond"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"288","article-title":"Respiratory distress syndrome: perinatal prediction of one year developmental outcome","volume":"6","author":"Field, M.T.; Dempsey, JR, Ting; G.T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Field MT, Dempsey JR, Ting GT, et al. Respiratory distress syndrome: perinatal prediction of one year developmental outcome. Semin Perinatol 1982;6: 288-93.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"155","article-title":"Ventilatory support of preterm infants. Results and long-term prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Kamper, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kamper J. Ventilatory support of preterm infants. Results and long-term prognosis. Dan Med Bull 1979;26:155-6.","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197209072871001","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Incidence, relation to pulmonary disease and management","volume":"287","author":"Kitterman, J.A.; Edmunds, H.; Gregory, G.A.; Heymann, M.A.; Tooley, W.H.; Rudolph, A.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kitterman JA, Edmunds H, Gregory GA, Heymann MA, Tooley WH, Rudolph AM. Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Incidence, relation to pulmonary disease and management. N Engl J Med 1972;287:473-7.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.57.3.184","article-title":"Resuscitation of preterm babies at birth reduces the risk of death from hyaline membrane disease","volume":"57","author":"Robson, E.; Hey, E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Robson E, Hey E. Resuscitation of preterm babies at birth reduces the risk of death from hyaline membrane disease. Arch Dis Child 1982;57:184-6.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90177-6","article-title":"Pancuronium prevents pneumothoraces in ventilated premature infants who actively expire against positive pressure ventilation","volume":"i:","author":"Greenough, A.; Wood, S.; Morley, C.J.; Davis, J.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Greenough A, Wood S, Morley CJ, Davis JA. Pancuronium prevents pneumothoraces in ventilated premature infants who actively expire against positive pressure ventilation. Lancet 1984;i:1-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"64","article-title":"Dry artificial lung surfactant and its effect on very premature babies","volume":"i:","author":"Morley, C.J.; Miller, N.; Bangham, A.D.; Davis, J.A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Morley CJ, Miller N, Bangham AD, Davis JA. Dry artificial lung surfactant and its effect on very premature babies. Lancet 1981;i:64-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6622(84)80034-7","article-title":"Introductory remarks about artificial lung expanding compounds (ALEC)","volume":"10","author":"Bangham, A.D.; Miller, N.G.A.; Davies, R.J.; Greenough, A.; Morley, C.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bangham AD, Miller NGA, Davies RJ, Greenough A, Morley CJ. Introductory remarks about artificial lung expanding compounds (ALEC). Colloids and Surfaces 1984;10:337-41.","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07051.x","article-title":"Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants","volume":"69","author":"Lindroth, M.; Svenningsen, N.W.; Ahlstrom, H.; Jonson, B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lindroth M, Svenningsen NW, Ahlstrom H, Jonson B. Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1980;69:143-58.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071235","article-title":"Management of hyaline membrane disease","volume":"31","author":"Reynolds, E.O.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Reynolds EOR. Management of hyaline membrane disease. Br Med Bull 1975; 31:18-24.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"42","article-title":"Intraventricular haemorrhage in premature babies","volume":"6","author":"Hellman, J.; Vannucci, R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hellman J, Vannucci R. Intraventricular haemorrhage in premature babies. Semin Perinatol 1982;6:42-51.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198206173062406","article-title":"Intraventricular haemorrhage in the premature infant","volume":"306","author":"Shinnar, S.; Molteni, R.A.; Gammon, K.; D'Souza, B.J.; Altman, J.; Freeman, J.M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shinnar S, Molteni RA, Gammon K, D'Souza BJ, Altman J, Freeman JM. Intraventricular haemorrhage in the premature infant. N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1464-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(82)90085-8","article-title":"Timing and antecedents of periventricular haemorrhage and of cerebral atrophy in very preterm infants","volume":"7","author":"Thorburn, R.J.; Lipscomb, A.P.; Stewart, A.L.; Reynolds, E.O.R.; Hope, P.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thorburn RJ, Lipscomb AP, Stewart AL, Reynolds EOR, Hope PL. Timing and antecedents of periventricular haemorrhage and of cerebral atrophy in very preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 1982;7:221-38.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80254-6","article-title":"Factors associated with pulmonary air leak in premature infants receiving mechanical ventilation","volume":"102","author":"Primak, R.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Primak RA. Factors associated with pulmonary air leak in premature infants receiving mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr 1983;102:764-9.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"346","article-title":"Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of the lungs with hyaline membrane disease","volume":"i:","author":"Pollitzer, M.J.; Reynolds, E.O.R.; Shaw, D.G.; Thomas, R.M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pollitzer MJ, Reynolds EOR, Shaw DG, Thomas RM. Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of the lungs with hyaline membrane disease. Lancet 1981;i:346-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.57.3.347","article-title":"Incidence and clinical features of patent ductus arteriosus in low birthweight infants: a prospective analysis of 150 consecutive born infants","volume":"57","author":"Siassi, B.; Blanco, B.; Cabal, L.A.; Coran, A.G.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Siassi B, Blanco B, Cabal LA, Coran AG. Incidence and clinical features of patent ductus arteriosus in low birthweight infants: a prospective analysis of 150 consecutive born infants. Pediatrics 1976;57:347-51.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"168","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume-title":"disease in infants, children and adolescents","author":"Heymann, M.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Heymann MA. Patent ductus arteriosus. In: Moss AJ, Adams FH, Emmanouilides GC, eds. Heart disease in infants, children and adolescents. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1977:168."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.4.267","article-title":"Indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight infants: double blind trial","volume":"58","author":"Rudd, P.; Montanez, P.; Hallidie-Smith, K.; Silverman, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rudd P, Montanez P, Hallidie-Smith K, Silverman M. Indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight infants: double blind trial. Arch Dis Child 1983;58:267-70.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80454-0","article-title":"Increased risk of BPD in infants with patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"95","author":"Brown, E.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Brown ER. Increased risk of BPD in infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J Pediatr 1979;95:865-6.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"39","article-title":"Incidence and clinical features of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Pickering, D.; Rigby, M.L.; Wilkinson, A.R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pickering D, Rigby ML, Wilkinson AR. Incidence and clinical features of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 1983;4:39-41.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"467","article-title":"ithKosvyamrptoI, maCtaitcterpratoenntWZd.uctMuesdiacratelrimosaunsa.gJemPeendtiatorf","volume":"92","author":"CostmoanllRBpr, etSetramhlbmaabniesMTw","year":"1978","unstructured":"CostmoanllRBpr,etSetramhlbmaabniesMTw,ithKosvyamrptoI,maCtaitcterpratoenntWZd.uctMuesdiacratelrimosaunsa.gJemPeendtiatorf 1978;92:467-73."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80479-9","article-title":"Early closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight infants: a controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Merrit, T.A.; Harris, J.P.; Roghmannik, K.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Merrit TA, Harris JP, Roghmannik K. Early closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight infants: a controlled trial. J Pediatr 1981; 99:281-6.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.52.2.169","article-title":"Pulmonary function studies during the first year of life in infants recovering from the respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"52","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bryan MH, Hardie MJ, Reilley BJ, Swyer PR. Pulmonary function studies during the first year of life in infants recovering from the respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 1973;52:169-78.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"271","article-title":"Prognosis for infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"ii:","author":"Roberton, N.R.C.; Tizard, J.P.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Roberton NRC, Tizard JPM. Prognosis for infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Br MedJ 1975;ii:271-4.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_26","author":"Accepted 4 December 1984)","unstructured":"(Accepted 4 December 1984)"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1765544322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6468","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6468.597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-0623","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,2,23]]}}}