{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:45:39Z","timestamp":1765550739051,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6469","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]],"date-time":"1985-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":478569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tonga, like many developing countries, suffers from a shortage of medical staff and a high morbidity and mortality from paediatric diarrhoeal disease. In 1980 a programme was started to train medical assistants and village administrators in the correct use of oral rehydration salt solution for rehydration. The effect on morbidity, mortality, and admission to hospital over the six years 1978-83 was assessed. After the introduction of the scheme the number of deaths due to diarrhoea fell considerably and the state of hydration in children admitted to hospital with diarrhoea greatly improved. It is recommended that similar programmes be adopted where clinical problems of diarrhoea with dehydration persist. Instruction in the use of oral rehydration fluid was most effectively given by non-medical staff to groups of mothers, rather than by paediatricians in their inevitably brief, although important, explanation given in hospital.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"691-692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Control of diarrhoeal disease in Tonga 1978-83."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"D J","family":"Clow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Sixth report on world health soiuation. Vol 1","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1980","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Sixth report on world health soiuation. Vol 1. Geneva: WHO, 1980:88."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"705","article-title":"Water and electrolyte losses","volume-title":"cholera. Fed Proc 1964","volume":"23","author":"Philipps, R.A.","unstructured":"Philipps RA. Water and electrolyte losses in cholera. Fed Proc 1964;23:705."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"245","article-title":"Oral rehydration therapy-recent advances","volume":"22","author":"Mahalanabis, D.; Merson, M.H.; Barua, D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mahalanabis D, Merson MH, Barua D. Oral rehydration therapy-recent advances. World Health Forum 1981;22:245-9.","journal-title":"World Health Forum"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"453","article-title":"Oral rehydration and maintenance of children with rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoeas","volume":"57","author":"Nalin, D.R.; Levine, M.M.; Mata, L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Nalin DR, Levine MM, Mata L, et al. Oral rehydration and maintenance of children with rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoeas. Bull WHO 1979;57:453-9.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Programme for control of diarrhoeal diseases: guidelines for trainers of communitv health workers on the treatment and prevention ofdiarrhoea","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1980","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Programme for control of diarrhoeal diseases: guidelines for trainers of communitv health workers on the treatment and prevention ofdiarrhoea. Geneva: WHO, 1980."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"4","article-title":"Breast feeding practices in Tonga. Tongan Mnistry of Health Newtvsletter 1981; 5(suppl 2)","author":"Taumoepeau, B.","unstructured":"Taumoepeau B. Breast feeding practices in Tonga. Tongan Mnistry of Health Newtvsletter 1981; 5(suppl 2):4-9."},{"article-title":"Accepted","year":"1984","key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(Accepted 9 November 1984)"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"The improvements in mortality and morbidity from infantile gastroenteritis were probably brought about by a combination of three factors: firstly, the adequate instruction in the use of oral rehydration fluids given to a sizable proportion of the total population during the epidemic in August 1981, when people were particularly receptive to advice; secondly, the national diarrhoeal disease control programme, which made available packets of oral rehydration salt solution; and thirdly, the deployment in","volume-title":"of five newly trained health officers, who knew the value and method of oral rehydration, to village dispensaries","year":"1982","unstructured":"The improvements in mortality and morbidity from infantile gastroenteritis were probably brought about by a combination of three factors: firstly, the adequate instruction in the use of oral rehydration fluids given to a sizable proportion of the total population during the epidemic in August 1981, when people were particularly receptive to advice; secondly, the national diarrhoeal disease control programme, which made available packets of oral rehydration salt solution; and thirdly, the deployment in January 1982 of five newly trained health officers, who knew the value and method of oral rehydration, to village dispensaries."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:23:33Z","timestamp":1765549413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6469","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6469.691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0267-0623"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,3,2]]}}}