{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:06:48Z","timestamp":1790276808813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6484","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]],"date-time":"1985-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":487641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Two hundred consecutive cases of the sudden infant death syndrome were reviewed for the presence of fat in the liver; 14 showed diffuse panlobular microvesicular fatty change indistinguishable from that found in Reye's syndrome. Samples of frozen liver were available in five of the 14 cases; histochemical analysis showed well preserved cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in all five, uncharacteristic of Reye's syndrome. Fatty acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity in the liver was assayed biochemically in two of the same five cases with severe hepatic fatty infiltration; both showed a defect in medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity using the substrate octanoyl-coenzyme A. Both cases also showed cerebral oedema in association with fatty infiltration of renal tubules, myocardium, and skeletal muscle, characteristic of Reye's syndrome. It is concluded that diffuse panlobular microvesicular fatty change of the liver in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome, although essentially non-specific, indicates that the state of mitochondrial enzymes should be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1771-1773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Defects of metabolism of fatty acids in the sudden infant death syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"A J","family":"Howat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Variend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.6.424","article-title":"Evidence of duration and type of illness in children found unexpectedly dead","volume":"51","author":"Sinclair-Smith, C.C.; Dinsdale, F.; Emery, J.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sinclair-Smith CC, Dinsdale F, Emery JL. Evidence of duration and type of illness in children found unexpectedly dead. Arch Dis Child 1976;51:424-9.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)90554-3","article-title":"Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: a disease entity in childhood","volume":"ii:","author":"Reye, R.D.K.; Morgan, G.; Baral, J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Reye RDK, Morgan G, Baral J. Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: a disease entity in childhood. Lancet 1963;ii:749-52.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"217","article-title":"Liver and muscle ultrastructure in Reye's syndrome","author":"Partin, J.C.; Bove, K.; Partin, J.S.; Schubert, W.K.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Partin JC, Bove K, Partin JS, Schubert WK. Liver and muscle ultrastructure in Reye's syndrome. In: Crocker JFS, ed. Reye's syndrome II. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1979:217-37."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.1.53","article-title":"Encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome: a review of pathogenetic hypotheses","volume":"69","author":"Delong, G.R.; Glick, T.H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Delong GR, Glick TH. Encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome: a review of pathogenetic hypotheses. Pediatrics 1982;69:53-63.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03047369","article-title":"Symptoms and signs in organic acidurias","volume":"7","author":"Brandt, N.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brandt NJ. Symptoms and signs in organic acidurias. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 1984;7(suppl 1):23-7.","journal-title":"Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.9.670","article-title":"Aetiology of Reye's syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Bellman, M.H.; Hall, S.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bellman MH, Hall SM. Aetiology of Reye's syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1983; 58:670-2.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Reye's syndrome: 20 years on. Br MedJ7 1983; 286","author":"Mowat, A.P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mowat AP. Reye's syndrome: 20 years on. Br MedJ7 1983;286:1999-2001."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32471-0","article-title":"The hepatic lesion in Reye's syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Bove, K.E.; McAdams, A.J.; Partin, J.C.; Partin, J.S.; Hug, G.; Schubert, W.K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bove KE, McAdams AJ, Partin JC, Partin JS, Hug G, Schubert WK. The hepatic lesion in Reye's syndrome. Gastroenterology 1975;69:685-97.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198011000-00013","article-title":"Comparison of cytosolic and mitochondrial hepatic enzyme alterations in Reye's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Mitchell, R.A.; Ram, M.L.; Arcinue, E.L.; Chang, C.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mitchell RA, Ram ML, Arcinue EL, Chang CH. Comparison of cytosolic and mitochondrial hepatic enzyme alterations in Reye's syndrome. Pediatr Res 1980;14:1216-21.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.60.5.702","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for influenza B-associated Reye's syndrome. Clinical vs pathologic criteria","volume":"60","author":"Corey, L.; Rubin, R.J.; Bregman, D.; Gregg, M.B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Corey L, Rubin RJ, Bregman D, Gregg MB. Diagnostic criteria for influenza B-associated Reye's syndrome. Clinical vs pathologic criteria. Pediatrics 1977; 60:702-8.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"3","article-title":"Reye's syndrome in the British Isles BPA\/CDSC surveillance scheme","volume":"39","author":"Hall, S.; Bellman, M.H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hall S, Bellman MH. Reye's syndrome in the British Isles BPA\/CDSC surveillance scheme. Communicable Disease Report 1983;39:3-6.","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6422.976","article-title":"Deficiency of medium chain fatty acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase presenting as the sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"288","author":"Howat, A.J.; Bennett, M.J.; Variend, S.; Shaw, L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Howat AJ, Bennett MJ, Variend S, Shaw L. Deficiency of medium chain fatty acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase presenting as the sudden infant death syndrome. Br MedJa 1984;288:976.","journal-title":"Br MedJa"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"318","article-title":"Histochemistry in pathology","author":"Filipe, M.I.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Filipe MI, Lake BD, eds. Histochemistry in pathology. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1983:318-32."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2180511","article-title":"The purification and properties of ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase","volume":"218","author":"Shaw, L.; Engel, P.C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shaw L, Engel PC. The purification and properties of ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Biochem 1984;218:511-20.","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198311000-00008","article-title":"Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiex.cy in children with non-ketotic hypoglycemia and low carnitine levels","volume":"17","author":"Stanley, C.A.; Hale, D.E.; Coates, P.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stanley CA, Hale DE, Coates PM, et al. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiex.cy in children with non-ketotic hypoglycemia and low carnitine levels. Pediatr Res 1983;17:877-84.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria","volume":"7","author":"Duran, M.; De Klerk, J.B.C.; Wadman, S.K.; Bruinvis, L.; Ketting, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Duran M, De Klerk JBC, Wadman SK, Bruinvis L, Ketting D. The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 1984;7(suppl 1):48-51.","journal-title":"Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"89","article-title":"Epidemiology of the sudden infant death syndrome: problems, progress and prospects. A review","volume-title":"infant death syndrome","author":"Peterson, DR","year":"1983","unstructured":"Peterson DR. Epidemiology of the sudden infant death syndrome: problems, progress and prospects. A review. In: Tildon JT, Roeder LM, Steinschneider A, eds. Sudden infant death syndrome. New York, London: Academic Press, 1983:89-97."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.4.265","article-title":"Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the microvesicular fat diseases","volume":"24","author":"Sherlock, S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sherlock S. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and the microvesicular fat diseases. Gut 1983;24:265-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Animal models for dicarboxylic aciduria","volume":"7","author":"Sherratt, H.S.A.; Veitch, R.K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sherratt HSA, Veitch RK. Animal models for dicarboxylic aciduria. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 1984;7(suppl 1):52-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"sudden death in infants","author":"Bergman, A.B.; Beckwith, J.B.; Ray, C.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bergman AB, Beckwith JB, Ray CG. Proceedings of the second international conference on cause of sudden death in infants. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970. (Accepted 14 March 1985)"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Changes in incidence and prognosis of ischaemic heart disease in Finland: a record linkage study of data on death certificates and hospital records for 1972 and","year":"1981","unstructured":"Changes in incidence and prognosis of ischaemic heart disease in Finland: a record linkage study of data on death certificates and hospital records for 1972 and 1981"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"The components of the decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland were studied by analysing the changes in incidence and prognosis between 1972 and 1981. Using personal identification numbers, hospital discharge records and death certificates were linked","volume-title":"women aged 40-64. During this period mortality decreased 15 9% in men and 23 5% in women, incidence 14.2% in men and 19-3% in women, being greatest among 40-49 year olds living in urban areas, and case fatality","author":"Department of Public Health Science, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki 29,","unstructured":"The components of the decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland were studied by analysing the changes in incidence and prognosis between 1972 and 1981. Using personal identification numbers, hospital discharge records and death certificates were linked for all men and women aged 40-64. During this period mortality decreased 15 9% in men and 23 5% in women, incidence 14.2% in men and 19-3% in women, being greatest among 40-49 year olds living in urban areas, and case fatality Department of Public Health Science, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki 29, Finland"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"The epidemic of ischaemic heart disease in industrialised countries has been waning in some countries while waxing in others over the past 10-15 years.'-7 Ischaemic heart disease mortality has been declining in Finland since 1969-70 by a yearly 2%.8 9 This decline may be due either to factors improving the prognosis of incident cases or to a decline in incidence of the disease. Because data on changes in incidence of ischaemic heart disease world wide are few we examined data on admission to hospital for and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland for 1972 and 1981 to assess relative changes in mortality, survival, and incidence","unstructured":"The epidemic of ischaemic heart disease in industrialised countries has been waning in some countries while waxing in others over the past 10-15 years.'-7 Ischaemic heart disease mortality has been declining in Finland since 1969-70 by a yearly 2%.8 9 This decline may be due either to factors improving the prognosis of incident cases or to a decline in incidence of the disease. Because data on changes in incidence of ischaemic heart disease world wide are few we examined data on admission to hospital for and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland for 1972 and 1981 to assess relative changes in mortality, survival, and incidence."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:30:10Z","timestamp":1765474210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6484","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1771","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-0623","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,15]]}}}