{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T08:48:02Z","timestamp":1769935682906,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6485","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]],"date-time":"1985-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":488246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A creates temporary localised flaccid paralysis after injection into skeletal muscle. Thirty four patients with blepharospasm, of whom 28 also had the oromandibular dystonia syndrome, were treated with injections of botulinum toxin type A into the orbicularis oculi, and 28 showed functional improvement after the treatment. A high incidence of local side effects occurred, especially partial ptosis, which was well tolerated. There were no systemic side effects. The average period of relief was 2.5 months, increasing to 2.8 months after a second injection. Functional improvement was limited in patients with severe associated dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"1857-1859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Effect of treatment with botulinum toxin on neurogenic blepharospasm."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"J S","family":"Elston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R W","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3160","article-title":"Blinking and blepharospasm: mechanisms, diagnosis, management","volume":"248","author":"J, Jan Kovic; WE, Havins; RB, Wilkins","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jan Kovic J, Havins WE, Wilkins RB. Blinking and blepharospasm: mechanisms, diagnosis, management. 3'AMA 1982;248:3160-4."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"453","article-title":"Essential blepharospasm","volume":"54","author":"Henderson, J.W.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Henderson JW. Essential blepharospasm. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1956;54: 453-519.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.12.1204","article-title":"Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Brueghel's syndrome)","volume":"39","author":"Marsden, C.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Marsden CD. Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Brueghel's syndrome). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976;39:1204-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130406","article-title":"Blepharospasm of orofacial-cervical dystonia: clinical and pharmacological findings in 100 patients","volume":"13","author":"J, Jan Kovic; J, Ford","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jan Kovic J, Ford J. Blepharospasm of orofacial-cervical dystonia: clinical and pharmacological findings in 100 patients. Ann Neurol 1983;13:402-11.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.7.690","article-title":"Pharmacology of blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Casey, D.E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Casey DE. Pharmacology of blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome. 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Ophthalmology 1980;87:1044-7.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010644","article-title":"Chromic effects of botulinum toxin on neuromuscular transmission and sensitivity to acetylcholine in slow and fast skeletal muscle of the mouse","volume":"241","author":"Tonge, D.A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fruch BR, Felt DP, Wojno TH, Musch DC. Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum toxin. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102:1464-8.","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Studies in both animals'-3 and man4-7 have shown that consumption of alcohol, either acute or chronic, strongly modifies the pattern of fatty acids in the liver and serum lipids. In particular, a decrease in the proportion of hepatic and serum linoleic acid has been reported repeatedly in alcoholics.4-7 No epidemiological data have been available concerning this relation despite its possible importance in the association between coronary heart disease and the intake of alcohol and linoleic acid, which has been reported in some epidemiological and clinical studies.8 -11","unstructured":"Tonge DA. Chromic effects of botulinum toxin on neuromuscular transmission and sensitivity to acetylcholine in slow and fast skeletal muscle of the mouse. J Physiol (Lond) 1974;241:127-39. (Accepted 25 March 1985)"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"This paper reports the association observed between consumption of alcohol, two of its biological markers (y-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume), and the composition of fatty acids in plasma cholesterol esters in a group of apparently healthy men at baseline of the Paris prospective study II","unstructured":"Studies in both animals'-3 and man4-7 have shown that consumption of alcohol, either acute or chronic, strongly modifies the pattern of fatty acids in the liver and serum lipids. In particular, a decrease in the proportion of hepatic and serum linoleic acid has been reported repeatedly in alcoholics.4-7 No epidemiological data have been available concerning this relation despite its possible importance in the association between coronary heart disease and the intake of alcohol and linoleic acid, which has been reported in some epidemiological and clinical studies.8 -11"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Subjects and methods The reported results concern the cross sectional data obtained at entry into the Paris prospective study II from a subgroup of 1467 men aged 3545. This study on cardiovascular risk factors began in 1982, but follow up data were not yet available. The subjects of this study are male employees of a large public organisation in Paris, who undergo regular medical examinations. Each subject answered","unstructured":"This paper reports the association observed between consumption of alcohol, two of its biological markers (y-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume), and the composition of fatty acids in plasma cholesterol esters in a group of apparently healthy men at baseline of the Paris prospective study II."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:36:32Z","timestamp":1765474592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6485","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1857","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-0623","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,22]]}}}