{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:33:32Z","timestamp":1791160412809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6493","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]],"date-time":"1985-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":493084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An analysis was conducted of 3373 deaths among 39 546 people employed by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority between 1946 and 1979, the population having been followed up for an average of 16 years. Overall the death rates were below those prevailing in England and Wales but consistent with those expected in a normal workforce. At ages 15-74 years the standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were 74 for deaths from all causes and 79 for deaths from all cancers. Mortality from only four causes was above the national average--namely, testicular cancer (SMR 153; 10 deaths), leukaemia (SMR 123; 35 deaths), thyroid cancer (SMR 122; three deaths), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR 107; 20 deaths)--but in none was the increase significant at the 5% level. Half of the authority's employees were recorded as having been monitored for exposure to radiation, their collective recorded exposure being 660 Sv (65 954 rem). Among these prostatic cancer was the only condition with a clearly increased mortality in relation to exposure. Of the 19 men who had a radiation record and died from prostatic cancer at ages 15-74 years, nine had been monitored for several different sources of exposure to radiation. The standardised mortality ratios were 889 (six deaths) in employees monitored for contamination by tritium, 254 (nine deaths) in those monitored for contamination by other radionuclides, and 385 (nine deaths) in those with dosimeter readings totalling more than 50 mSv (5 rem); but the same nine subjects tended to account for each of these significantly raised ratios. Because multiple exposures were common and other relevant information was not available the reason for the increased mortality from prostatic cancer in this population could not be determined and requires further investigation. Excess mortality rates of 2.2 and 12.5 deaths per million person years per 10 mSv (1 rem) were estimated for leukaemia and all cancers, respectively. The confidence limits around these estimates were wide, included zero, and made it unlikely that the International Commission on Radiological Protection's cancer risk coefficients were underestimated by more than 15-fold. Thus despite this being the largest British workforce whose mortality has been reported in relation to low level ionising radiation exposure, even larger populations will need to be followed up over longer periods before narrower ranges of risk estimates can be derived.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T11:00:59Z","timestamp":1238670059000},"page":"440-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Mortality of employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 1946-1979."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Beral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Inskip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection","volume-title":"1: No 26","author":"on Radiological Protection, International Commission","year":"1977","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 1977;1:No 26."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197711000-00002","article-title":"Radiation exposures of Hanford workers dying from cancer and other causes","volume":"33","author":"Mancuso, T.F.; Stewart, A.; Kneale, G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mancuso TF, Stewart A, Kneale G. Radiation exposures of Hanford workers dying from cancer and other causes. Health Phys 1977;33:369-84.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2307\/2981797","article-title":"Low levels of ionising radiation and cancer-are we underestimating the risk? 7ournal of","volume":"144","author":"Darby, S.C.; Reissland, J.A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Darby SC, Reissland JA. Low levels of ionising radiation and cancer-are we underestimating the risk? 7ournal of the Royal Statistical Society A 1981;144: 298-331.","journal-title":"the Royal Statistical Society A"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/3575027","article-title":"An analysis of the mortality of workers in a nuclear facility","volume":"79","author":"Gilbert, E.S.; Marks, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gilbert ES, Marks S. An analysis of the mortality of workers in a nuclear facility. Radiat Res 1979;79:122-48.","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Remeasurement of early Harwell personnel film dosimeters","author":"Smith, J.W.; McGuinness, E.A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Smith JW, McGuinness EA. Remeasurement of early Harwell personnel film dosimeters. London: HMSO, 1981. (AERE-R9415.)"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Statistical reviews for England and Wales for the years 19461973","author":"General, Registrar","unstructured":"Registrar General. Statistical reviews for England and Wales for the years 19461973. London: HMSO, 1948-75."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys. Mortality statistics: cause, 1974-1979","author":"Office of","year":"1977","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Mortality statistics: cause, 1974-1979. London: HMSO, 1977-80. (Series DH2, Nos 1-6.)"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"International classification of diseases","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1965","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International classification of diseases. 8th revision, 1965. Geneva: WHO, 1967.","edition":"8th revision"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality, 1970-72. Decennial supplement","author":"Office of","year":"1978","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality, 1970-72. Decennial supplement. London: HMSO, 1978. (Series DS, No 1.)"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Registrar General for Scotland. Occupational mortality 1959-63. Second supplement to the 114th annual report of the Registrar Generalfor Scotland","year":"1970","unstructured":"Registrar General for Scotland. Occupational mortality 1959-63. Second supplement to the 114th annual report of the Registrar Generalfor Scotland. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1970."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"690","article-title":"Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure","volume":"58","author":"Mantel, N.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Mantel N. Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1963;58: 690-700.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/13.1.112","article-title":"Elementary methods of cohort analysis","volume":"13","author":"Breslow, N.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Breslow NE. Elementary methods of cohort analysis. Int Epidemiol 1984;13: 112-5.","journal-title":"Int Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T18:12:53Z","timestamp":1765476773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6493","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-0623","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,8,17]]}}}