{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1765545100171,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6530","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]],"date-time":"1986-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":516067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An epidemiological survey was carried out in France in 1982-3 to study the proportions of occasional and chronic drinkers among people injured in accidents of all kinds. The characteristics of 4796 victims recruited in the emergency units of 21 hospitals were recorded. Systematic blood sampling was performed to determine the blood alcohol concentration and two markers of chronic alcohol consumption--gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume. Alcohol was present in the blood of 35% of the injured people, with concentrations exceeding 17.4 mmol\/l (0.8 g\/l) in one man out of four and in one woman out of 10. gamma-Glutamyltransferase values and mean corpuscular volume were also much higher than in a reference population of healthy subjects, indicating that most of the intoxicated subjects were probably chronic drinkers. This was confirmed by a discriminant analysis which showed an overall proportion of 30% of chronic drinkers among casualties. In France, therefore, the policy for preventing accidents should focus on chronic as much as on occasional drinking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"1234-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Biological markers of alcohol intake among 4796 subjects injured in accidents."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Papoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Weill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"L'Hoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Chich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Got","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Goehrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1983.44.47","article-title":"Drunken drivers in Denmark. A nationwide epidemiological study of psychiatric patients, alcohol and traffic accidents","volume":"44","author":"Kastrup, M.; Dupont, A.; Bile, M.; Lund, H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kastrup M, Dupont A, Bile M, Lund H. Drunken drivers in Denmark. A nationwide epidemiological study of psychiatric patients, alcohol and traffic accidents. J Stud Akohol 1983;44:47-56.","journal-title":"J Stud Akohol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"294","article-title":"Compulsory blood alcohol testing of road crash casualties in Victoria: the second three years","volume":"i:","author":"McDermott, F.I.; Hughes, E.S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"McDermott FI, Hughes ES. Compulsory blood alcohol testing of road crash casualties in Victoria: the second three years (1978-1980). McdsAus 1982;i:294-6.","journal-title":"McdsAus"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"612","article-title":"Incidence of drug and alcohol intake in road traffic accident victims","volume-title":"MedI Aust","volume":"i:","author":"Vine, J.; Watson, T.R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vine J, Watson TR. Incidence of drug and alcohol intake in road traffic accident victims. MedI Aust 1983;i:612-5."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(83)80086-9","article-title":"Motorcycle accidents in Nottinghamshire","volume":"97","author":"Woodward, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Woodward A. Motorcycle accidents in Nottinghamshire. Public Health 1983;97:13948.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"165","article-title":"Alcoholemia and traumatology in SAMU 42. Annaks d'Aneshdfsiolo, gieFrfaises","volume":"21","author":"Blanc, J.L.; Genot, A.; Lyoen, M.; Vignon, H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Blanc JL, Genot A, Lyoen M, Vignon H. Alcoholemia and traumatology in SAMU 42. Annaks d'Aneshdfsiolo,gieFrfaises 1980;21:165-9."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alcool et accidents mortels de la circulation. Buierin du Haut Comitd'Entde et d'Infoaion sur lAlcoolisme","author":"Got, C.; Faverion, G.; Thomas, C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Got C, Faverion G, Thomas C. Alcool et accidents mortels de la circulation. Buierin du Haut Comitd'Entde et d'Infoaion sur lAlcoolisme 1984;1-2:38-60."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"14","article-title":"Incidence de l'alcoolisme sur la nature des lasions traumatiques des accident6s de la route. Aunales de Mldecine des Accidents et du Tralic","volume":"26","author":"Murat, J.; Weill, J.; Lamy, J.; Leroy, G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Murat J, Weill J, Lamy J, Leroy G. Incidence de l'alcoolisme sur la nature des lasions traumatiques des accident6s de la route. Aunales de Mldecine des Accidents et du Tralic. 1980;26:14"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"262","article-title":"Alcoolisme et urgences chirurgicales","volume":"81","author":"Murat, J.E.; Weill, J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Murat JE, Weill J. Alcoolisme et urgences chirurgicales. Lyon Chiurical 1985;81:262-6.","journal-title":"Lyon Chiurical"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"827","article-title":"Are problem drinkers dangerous drivers? An investigation ofarrest for drinking and driving, serumgnmma-glutamyltranspeptdase activities, blood alcohol concentrations, and road traffic accidents: the Tayside Safe Driving Project","volume":"290","author":"Dunbar, J.A.; Ogston, S.A.; Ritchie, A.; Devgun, M.S.; Hagart, J.; Martin, B.T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dunbar JA, Ogston SA, Ritchie A, Devgun MS, Hagart J, Martin BT. Are problem drinkers dangerous drivers? An investigation ofarrest for drinking and driving, serumgnmma-glutamyltranspeptdase activities, blood alcohol concentrations, and road traffic accidents: the Tayside Safe Driving Project. BrMed_J 1985;290:827-30.","journal-title":"BrMed_J"},{"year":"1984","unstructured":"Haut Comite d'Etude et d'Information sur l'Alcoolisme. La consomnsann des boiots. Paris: La Documentation Frangaise, 1984.","article-title":"Haut Comite d'Etude et d'Information sur l'Alcoolisme. La consomnsann des boiots","key":"ref_10"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"141","article-title":"Suatunque des causes midicales des dicds","author":"I.N.S.E.R.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"INSERM. Suatunque des causes midicales des dicds. Tome I. Risultats France. Paris: Editions INSERM, 1977:141-53.","journal-title":"Tome I. Risultats France. Paris: Editions INSERM"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"281","article-title":"Red blood cell mean corpusacular volume: a potential indicator ofalcohol usage in a worlting population","volume":"267","author":"Unger, K.W.; Johnson, D.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Unger KW, Johnson DJ. Red blood cell mean corpusacular volume: a potential indicator ofalcohol usage in a worlting population. AmJ MedSci 1974;267:281-9.","journal-title":"AmJ MedSci"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310420038027","article-title":"Alcohol consumption in a healthy population","volume":"245","author":"Papoz, L.; Warnet, J.M.; P6quignot, G.; Eschwege, E.; Claude, JR, Schwartz; D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Papoz L, Warnet JM, P6quignot G, Eschwege E, Claude JR, Schwartz D. Alcohol consumption in a healthy population.JAMA 1981;245:1748-51.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/15.2.124","article-title":"A kinetic photometric method for serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase","volume":"15","author":"Szasz, G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Szasz G. A kinetic photometric method for serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem 1979;15: 124-36.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. Recensementginal de la populaion de 1982","author":"Institut","year":"98).","unstructured":"Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. Recensementginal de la populaion de 1982. Paris: INSEE, 1984. (Collections de l'INSEE. Serie D. 98)."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Akool, conduite et ins6curit6 routibre. Cahiers d'Etudes de 1'ONSER","author":"Bkicler, M.B.; Duval, H.; Filou, C.; Lassarre, S.; L'Hoste, J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bkicler MB, Duval H, Filou C, Lassarre S, L'Hoste J. Akool, conduite et ins6curit6 routibre. Cahiers d'Etudes de 1'ONSER. 1985;65."},{"author":"Accepted 7April 1986)","unstructured":"(Accepted 7April 1986)","key":"ref_17"},{"unstructured":"Food allergy or intolerance in severe recurrent aphthous ulceration of the mouth Although the cause of oral aphthous ulcers is unknown, there is a well established association with coeliac disease.1 Wray et al suggested recently that recurrent aphthous ulceration may in some cases be due to gluten sensitivity in the absence of coeliac disease 2 and other authors have suggested allergy to various foods, including figs, cheese, and tomatoes3 and walnuts, tomatoes, and fruit.4 We tested the hypothesis that chronic aphthous stomatitis may be due to food allergy or intolerance, taking as oiur three most likely dietary suspects gluten, cows' milk protein, and azo dyes and preservatives.","article-title":"Food allergy or intolerance in severe recurrent aphthous ulceration of the mouth Although the cause of oral aphthous ulcers is unknown, there is a well established association with coeliac disease.1 Wray et al suggested recently that recurrent aphthous ulceration may in some cases be due to gluten sensitivity in the absence of coeliac disease 2 and other authors have suggested allergy to various foods, including figs, cheese, and tomatoes3 and walnuts, tomatoes, and fruit.4 We tested the hypothesis that chronic aphthous stomatitis may be due to food allergy or intolerance, taking as oiur three most likely dietary suspects gluten, cows' milk protein, and azo dyes and preservatives","key":"ref_18"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:00:32Z","timestamp":1765544432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.292.6530.1234","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-0623","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0267-0623"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,10]]}}}