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J Clin EndocrinolMetab 1978;47:751-60.","journal-title":"J Clin EndocrinolMetab"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556611","article-title":"The assessment of intestinal calcium absorption using stable strontium","volume":"38","author":"Reid, I.R.; Pybus, J.; Lim, T.M.T.; Hannan, S.; Ibbertson, H.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Reid IR, Pybus J, Lim TMT, Hannan S, Ibbertson HK. The assessment of intestinal calcium absorption using stable strontium. Calcif Tissue Int 1986;38:303-5.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"998","article-title":"Measurement of total calcium in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with use of a strontium internal reference","volume":"16","author":"Pybus, J.; Feldman, F.J.; GN, Jr, Bowers","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pybus J, Feldman FJ, Bowers GN Jr. Measurement of total calcium in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with use of a strontium internal reference. Clin C\/iem 1970;16:998-1007.","journal-title":"Clin C\/iem"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis","author":"Hoaglin, D.C.; Mosteller, F.; Tukey, J.W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F, Tukey JW. Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis. New York: John Wiley, 1982."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"999","volume":"210","author":"(Lond, J Physiol","year":"1970","unstructured":"J Physiol (Lond) 1970;210:999-1020."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"128","article-title":"A new oral isotopic test of calcium absorption. j Clin Invest","volume":"44","author":"Avioli, L.V.; McDonald, J.E.; Singer, R.A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Avioli LV, McDonald JE, Singer RA, et al. A new oral isotopic test of calcium absorption. j Clin Invest 1965;44:128-38."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0590169","article-title":"The reproducibility of double-isotope deconvolution measurements of intestinal calcium absorption","volume":"59","author":"Tellez, M.; Reeve, J.; Royston, J.P.; Veall, N.; Wootton, R.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tellez M, Reeve J, Royston JP, Veall N, Wootton R. The reproducibility of double-isotope deconvolution measurements of intestinal calcium absorption. Clin Sci 1980;59:169-72.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0610477","article-title":"A comparison of radioactive calcium absorption tests with net calcium absorption","volume":"61","author":"Marshall, D.H.; Nordin, B.E.C.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marshall DH, Nordin BEC. A comparison of radioactive calcium absorption tests with net calcium absorption. Clin Sci 1981;61:477-81.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"351","article-title":"Interrelations of radiocalcium absorption tests and their clinical relevance","volume":"11","author":"Roth, P.; Werner, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Roth P, Werner E. Interrelations of radiocalcium absorption tests and their clinical relevance. MinerElectrolyteMetab 1985;11:351-7.","journal-title":"MinerElectrolyteMetab"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"516","article-title":"Estimation of truecalcium absorption","volume":"103","author":"Heaney, R.P.; Recker, R.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Heaney RP, Recker RR. Estimation of truecalcium absorption. AnnInternMed 1985;103:516-21.","journal-title":"AnnInternMed"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108696","article-title":"The role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in the mediation of intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism and absorbtive hypercalciuria","volume":"59","author":"Kaplan, R.A.; Haussler, M.R.; Deftos, L.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kaplan RA, Haussler MR, Deftos LJ, et al. The role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in the mediation of intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism and absorbtive hypercalciuria. J Clin Invest 1977;59:756-60.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(70)90066-5","article-title":"The subtle and variable clinical expressions of gluten-induced enteropathy (adult celic disease, nontropical sprue)","volume":"48","author":"Mann, G.J.; Brown, W.P.; F, Jr, Kern","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mann GJ, Brown WP, Kern F Jr. The subtle and variable clinical expressions of gluten-induced enteropathy (adult celic disease, nontropical sprue). Amy Med 1970;48:357-66.","journal-title":"Amy Med"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Celiac sprue disease","author":"Trier, J.S.","unstructured":"Trier JS. Celiac sprue disease. In: Sleisinger MH, Ford tran JS, Ingelfinger FJ, eds."},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Gastrointestinal disease","unstructured":"Gastrointestinal disease. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1978:1039."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Accepted","year":"1987","unstructured":"(Accepted 29 April 1987)"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Gall stones are common in sickle cell anaemia owing to chronic haemolysis, but the importance of this complication has not been established. In the first two reports of sickle cell disease in 1910-1 1 both patients had recurrent \"bilious\" attacks, and one had a cholecystectomy","unstructured":"Gall stones are common in sickle cell anaemia owing to chronic haemolysis, but the importance of this complication has not been established. In the first two reports of sickle cell disease in 1910-1 1 both patients had recurrent \"bilious\" attacks, and one had a cholecystectomy."},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Patients and methods All patients aged 10 years or more attending sickle cell clinics from March to December 1985 were asked to attend for an abdominal ultrasound examination unless they had had a cholecystectomy. For adult patients a standard questionnaire was used to elicit relevant symptoms and the clinical notes were reviewed for evidence of previous symptoms, admissions for abdominal crises, and possible biliary complications. Results of the following investigations were recorded: haemoglobin electrophoresis, steady state haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte count, fetal haemoglobin (Hb F) concentration, and serial liver function tests. The patients who had had a cholecystectomy were asked about recurrent symptoms or complications in the same questionnaire, and their notes were reviewed","unstructured":"Patients and methods All patients aged 10 years or more attending sickle cell clinics from March to December 1985 were asked to attend for an abdominal ultrasound examination unless they had had a cholecystectomy. For adult patients a standard questionnaire was used to elicit relevant symptoms and the clinical notes were reviewed for evidence of previous symptoms, admissions for abdominal crises, and possible biliary complications. Results of the following investigations were recorded: haemoglobin electrophoresis, steady state haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte count, fetal haemoglobin (Hb F) concentration, and serial liver function tests. The patients who had had a cholecystectomy were asked about recurrent symptoms or complications in the same questionnaire, and their notes were reviewed."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref_19","first-page":"517","article-title":"Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia","volume":"1910","author":"Herrick, J.B.","unstructured":"Herrick JB. Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia. ArchlnternMed 1910;6:517-21.","journal-title":"ArchlnternMed"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Sickle cell aitaemia","author":"Serjeant, G.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Serjeant GR. Sickle cell aitaemia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia","volume":"45","author":"Barrett-Connor, E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Barrett-Connor E. Cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia. 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Ghana Medicalournal 1975;14:175-80.","journal-title":"Ghana Medicalournal"},{"issue":"261-4","key":"ref_26","first-page":"9","article-title":"Experience with cholelithiasis in patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Adekile, A.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adekile AD. Experience with cholelithiasis in patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria. Am J PediatrHematol Oncol 1985;7:261-4. 9 Perrine RP. Cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia in a Caucasian population. Am J Med 1973;54: 327-32.","journal-title":"Am J PediatrHematol Oncol; Perrine RP. Cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia in a Caucasian population"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.5.601","article-title":"The prevalence of cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease as diagnosed by ultrasound and cholecystography","volume":"64","author":"Lachman, B.S.; Lazerson, J.; Rj, Starshak; Vaughters, F.M.; Werlin, S.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lachman BS, Lazerson J, Starshak Rj, Vaughters FM, Werlin SL. The prevalence of cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease as diagnosed by ultrasound and cholecystography. Pediatrics 1979;64:601-3.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"306","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"133","author":"Karayalcin, G.; Hassani, N.; Abrams, M.; Lanzkowsky, P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Karayalcin G, Hassani N, Abrams M, Lanzkowsky P. Cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease. 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