{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:29:02Z","timestamp":1765474142790,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6641","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,9]],"date-time":"1988-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":584409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During 1980-7, 23 pregnancies of 22-38 weeks' duration were investigated for fetal tachycardia. Twelve were cases of supraventricular tachycardia, eight of atrial flutter, and three cases in which the rhythm varied between supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter. In 11 cases the fetus had developed non-immune fetal hydrops before referral; 12 cases were non-hydropic at referral but one of this group of fetuses became hydropic during treatment. No relation was found between the rate or type of arrhythmia and the presence or absence of intrauterine heart failure. One non-hydropic infant was delivered electively prematurely. Maternal antiarrhythmic treatment was instituted in the remaining 22 cases. Conversion of the arrhythmia was achieved with digoxin alone in five cases and with a combination of digoxin and verapamil in nine. Control of the arrhythmia was achieved in seven of the 10 non-hydropic fetuses, and all were delivered at term with no deaths. Of the 12 hydropic fetuses, control was achieved in seven. Only three of the hydropic fetuses were delivered close to term. There were two deaths, both in the hydropic group. Of the whole group, five neonates suffered severe complications of prematurity. In this series the main benefit of treatment appeared to be in prolonging gestation of those hydropic fetuses in which conversion was achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6641.107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"107-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Obstetric importance, diagnosis, and management of fetal tachycardias."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"D. J.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. C.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. V.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Tynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. D.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"117","key":"ref_1","first-page":"722","article-title":"Intrauterine atrial tachycardia","volume":"1969","author":"Siber, D.L.; Durnin, R.E.","unstructured":"Siber DL, Durnin RE. Intrauterine atrial tachycardia. Am 7 Dis Child 1969;117:722-6.","journal-title":"Am 7 Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1973.tb08156.x","article-title":"Congenital paroxysmal tachycardia-a report of three cases","volume":"62","author":"Hedvall, G.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hedvall G. Congenital paroxysmal tachycardia-a report of three cases. Acta PaediatrScand 1973;62:550-2.","journal-title":"Acta PaediatrScand"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"240","article-title":"Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography","volume":"50","author":"Allan, L.D.; Anderson, R.H.; Sullivan, I.D.; Campbell, S.; Holt, D.W.; Tynan, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Allan LD, Anderson RH, Sullivan ID, Campbell S, Holt DW, Tynan M. Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography. Br HeartJ7 1983;50: 240-5."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"237","article-title":"Fetal echocardiography. A tool for the evaluation of in utero cardiac arrhythmias and the monitoring of in utero therapy: analysis of 71 patients","volume":"51","author":"Kleinman, C.S.; Donnerstein, R.L.; Jaffe, C.C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kleinman CS, Donnerstein RL, Jaffe CC, et al. Fetal echocardiography. A tool for the evaluation of in utero cardiac arrhythmias and the monitoring of in utero therapy: analysis of 71 patients. Amj Cardiol 1983;51:237-43.","journal-title":"Amj Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870130405","article-title":"Recognition of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography","volume":"13","author":"Silverman, N.H.; Enderlein, M.A.; Stanger, P.; Teitel, D.F.; Heymann, M.A.; Golbus, M.S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Silverman NH, Enderlein MA, Stanger P, Teitel DF, Heymann MA, Golbus MS. Recognition of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography. Journal of Clintcal Ultrasound 1985;13:255-63.","journal-title":"Journal of Clintcal Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with procainamide","volume":"37","author":"Dumesic, A.D.; Silverman, N.H.; Tobias, S.; Golbus, M.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dumesic AD, Silverman NH, Tobias S, Golbus MS. Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with procainamide. N Englj Med 1982;37:1128-31.","journal-title":"N Englj Med"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"730","article-title":"Fetal supraventricular tachycardia: in utero therapy with digoxin and quinidine","volume":"64","author":"Spinnato, J.A.; Shaver, D.C.; Flinn, G.S.; Sibai, B.M.; Watson, D.L.; Martin-Carcia, J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Spinnato JA, Shaver DC, Flinn GS, Sibai BM, Watson DL, Martin-Carcia J. Fetal supraventricular tachycardia: in utero therapy with digoxin and quinidine. Journal ofObstetrics and Gynecology 1984;64:730-5.","journal-title":"Journal ofObstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"134","article-title":"Treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"9","author":"Wladimiroff, J.W.; Stewart, P.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wladimiroff JW, Stewart PA. Treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Brj Hosp Med 1985;9: 134-40.","journal-title":"Brj Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"542","article-title":"Echocardiographic and anatomical correlates in fetal congenital heart disease","volume":"7","author":"Allan, L.D.; Crawford, D.C.; Anderson, R.H.; Tynan, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Allan LD, Crawford DC, Anderson RH, Tynan M. Echocardiographic and anatomical correlates in fetal congenital heart disease. Br Heart 7 1984;52: 542-8.","journal-title":"Br Heart"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref_10","first-page":"561","article-title":"Fetal cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"34","author":"Shenker, L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shenker L. Fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Obstet GynecolSurv 1979;34:8, 561-72.","journal-title":"Obstet GynecolSurv"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870130406","article-title":"Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"13","author":"Kleinman, C.S.; Copel, J.A.; Weinstein, E.M.; Santulli, T.V.; Hobbins, J.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kleinman CS, Copel JA, Weinstein EM, Santulli TV, Hobbins JC. Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 1985;13:265-73.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"274","article-title":"Atrial tachyarrhythmias associated with massive edema in the newborn","volume":"6","author":"Schreiner, R.L.; Hurwitz, R.A.; Rosenfeld, C.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schreiner RL, Hurwitz RA, Rosenfeld CR, et al. Atrial tachyarrhythmias associated with massive edema in the newborn.JPerinatMed 1978;6:274-8.","journal-title":"JPerinatMed"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(86)90158-9","article-title":"Fetal phonocardiography. Biophysical profile in the fetus from a phonographic sensor","volume":"23","author":"Colley, N.; Talbert, D.G.; Southall, D.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Colley N, Talbert DG, Southall DC. Fetal phonocardiography. Biophysical profile in the fetus from a phonographic sensor. 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