{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:34:15Z","timestamp":1777109655397,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6649","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,9,10]],"date-time":"1988-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":589852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relation between leukaemia and smoking habits was examined in data from the veterans' smoking study, a prospective study of mortality among 248,000 United States veterans, of whom 723 died of leukaemia during 1954-69. A significant increase in mortality from leukaemia among cigarette smokers (relative risk 1.53) was found, together with a dose-response relation with amount smoked (trend p less than 0.001). The relation was strongest (relative risk 1.72) for monocytic and chronic and unspecified myeloid leukaemias (ICD (7th revision) codes 204.1 and 204.2). For these leukaemias the increase was almost twofold (relative risk 1.93) among current smokers of over 20 cigarettes daily. Ex-cigarette smokers also showed an increase of leukaemia (relative risk 1.39; p less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with other studies and relevant to the interpretation of minor increases of leukaemia both in population and in individual based studies. If causal they also imply that smoking is responsible for many more deaths from leukaemia in adults than all other known causes combined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6649.657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"657-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Leukaemia and smoking habits among United States veterans."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"L. J.","family":"Kinlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rogot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"rhe Dorn study of smoking and mortality among US veterans; report on 81\/2 years of observation","volume-title":"approaches to the study of cancer and other diseases","author":"Kahn, H.A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Kahn HA. rhe Dorn study of smoking and mortality among US veterans; report on 81\/2 years of observation. In: Haenszel W, ed. Epidemiological approaches to the study of cancer and other diseases. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute, 1966:1-125. (NatI Cancer Inst Monogr No 19.)"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Smoking and general mortalitv among US veterans, 1954-1969","author":"Rogot, E.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rogot E. Smoking and general mortalitv among US veterans, 1954-1969. Washington: Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1974:74-544."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"213","article-title":"Smoking and causes of death among US veterans: 16 years of observation","volume":"95","author":"Rogot, E.; Murray, J.L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rogot E, Murray JL. Smoking and causes of death among US veterans: 16 years of observation. Public Health Rep 1980;95:213-22.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"96","article-title":"Comparisons among exposure groups. In: Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol 2. The design and analysis of cohort studies","author":"Breslow, N.E.; Day, N.E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE. Comparisons among exposure groups. In: Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol 2. The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987:96."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90108-6","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and leukaemia","volume":"39","author":"Austin, H.; Cole, P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Austin H, Cole P. Cigarette smoking and leukaemia. J Chronic Dis 1986;39: 417-21.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"127","article-title":"Smoking in relation to the death rates of I million men and women","volume-title":"approaches to the study ofcancer and other diseases","author":"Hammond, E.C.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hammond EC. Smoking in relation to the death rates of I million men and women. In: Haenszel W, ed. Epidemiological approaches to the study ofcancer and other diseases. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute, 1966:127-204. 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Vol 3.)"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6051.1525","article-title":"Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors","volume":"ii:","author":"Doll, R.; Peto, R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Doll R, Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br MedJ 1976;ii: 1525-36.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"89","article-title":"Characteristics in youth predictive of adult-onset malignant lymphomas, melanomas and leukemias","volume":"60","author":"RS, Jr, Paffenburger; AL, Wing; RT, Hyde","year":"1978","unstructured":"Paffenburger RS Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT. Characteristics in youth predictive of adult-onset malignant lymphomas, melanomas and leukemias. 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Cancer 1987;60:141-4.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"43","article-title":"Early precursors of site-specific cancers in college men and women..7NCI","volume":"74","author":"Whittemore, A.S.; RS, Jr, Paffenbarger; Anderson, K.; Lee, J.E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Whittemore AS, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Anderson K, Lee JE. Early precursors of site-specific cancers in college men and women..7NCI 1985;74:43-51."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"632","article-title":"Smoking and leukocyte-counts: results of an epidemiological survey","volume":"ii:","author":"Corre, F.; Lellough, J.; Schwartz, D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Corre F, Lellough J, Schwartz D. Smoking and leukocyte-counts: results of an epidemiological survey. Lancet 1971;ii:632-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1973.10666241","article-title":"Smoking habits and the leukocyte count","volume":"26","author":"Friedman, G.D.; Siegelaub, A.B.; Seltzer, C.C.; Feldman, R.; Collen, M.F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Friedman GD, Siegelaub AB, Seltzer CC, Feldman R, Collen MF. Smoking habits and the leukocyte count. 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