{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:31:02Z","timestamp":1768689062704,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6667","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,21]],"date-time":"1989-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":601344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An increased prevalence of cervical cancer has been observed in immunosuppressed women, but controlled studies are rare. Biopsy specimens from 49 women with renal allografts and 69 non-immunosuppressed controls (with no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, vulval warts, or abnormal results of cervical smear tests) were assessed for colposcopic appearance, cytological and histological diagnosis, and the presence of human papillomavirus types 6\/11 and 16\/18 DNA sequences. At colposcopy 26 (53%) of the women with allografts had cervical abnormalities compared with 20 (29%) of the controls. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was significantly higher in the women with allografts (24 (49%) compared with 7 (10%]. The overall rate of detection of human papillomavirus DNA did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was however, a significant difference in the rate of detection of human papillomavirus type 16\/18 DNA (27% in the women with allografts and 6% in the controls). These data confirm that pathological and virological changes affecting the cervix are significantly increased in immunosuppressed women and emphasise the need for regular colposcopic examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6667.153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"153-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with renal allografts."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"M. I.","family":"Alloub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. B.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Bunney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. E.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"Cervical dysplasia associated with azathioprine (Imuran) therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gupta, P.K.; Pinn, V.M.; Taft, P.D.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Gupta PK, Pinn VM, Taft PD. Cervical dysplasia associated with azathioprine (Imuran) therapy. Acta Cytol 1969;13:373-6.","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Simultaneous in situ carcinoma of the cervix, vulva and perineum after immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplantation. 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Amj Gastroenterol 1978;70:383-4.","journal-title":"Amj Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90644-2","article-title":"Primary carcinoma of the cervix appearing in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients","volume":"109","author":"Talent, M.B.; Simmons, R.L.; Najarian, J.S.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Talent MB, Simmons RL, Najarian JS. Primary carcinoma of the cervix appearing in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. Am J Obstet Gvnecol 1971;109:663-4.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gvnecol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"359","article-title":"Gynecologic malignancies in immunosuppressed organ homograft recipients","volume":"45","author":"Porreco, R.; Penn, I.; Droegemueller, W.; Greer, B.; Makowski, E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Porreco R, Penn I, Droegemueller W, Greer B, Makowski E. Gynecologic malignancies in immunosuppressed organ homograft recipients. 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ScottMedJ 1980;25: 275-7.","journal-title":"ScottMedJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1988.1","article-title":"Does human papillomavirus cause cancer? The state of the epidemiological evidence","volume":"57","author":"Munoz, N.; Bosch, X.; Kaldor, J.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Munoz N, Bosch X, Kaldor JM. Does human papillomavirus cause cancer? The state of the epidemiological evidence. BrJ Cancer 1988;57:1-5.","journal-title":"BrJ Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"68","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients","volume":"115","author":"Rudlinger, R.; Smith, I.W.; Bunney, M.H.; Hunter, J.A.A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rudlinger R, Smith IW, Bunney MH, Hunter JAA. Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients. 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Immunosuppression as a high-risk factor in the development of condvloma acuminatum and squamous neoplasia ot the cervix. Acta Cvtol 1983;27:220-4.","journal-title":"Acta Cvtol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1353","article-title":"A comparison review of key epidemiological studies in cervical cancer related to current searches for transmissible agents","volume":"33","author":"Rotkin, I.D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Rotkin ID. A comparison review of key epidemiological studies in cervical cancer related to current searches for transmissible agents. Cancer Research 1973;33: 1353-67.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"300","article-title":"rhe relationship between human papillomasirus and lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women. AmJ7 Obstet Gjvnecol","volume":"150","author":"Sillman, F.; Stanek, A.; Sedlis, A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sillman F, Stanek A, Sedlis A, et al. rhe relationship between human papillomasirus and lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women. AmJ7 Obstet Gjvnecol 1984;150:300-8."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"554","article-title":"Human papillomasiruses in women with a history of abnormal Papaniclaou smears and in their male partners","volume":"69","author":"Schneider, A.; Sawada, E.; Gissman, L.; Shah, K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schneider A, Sawada E, Gissman L, Shah K. Human papillomasiruses in women with a history of abnormal Papaniclaou smears and in their male partners. Obstet Gvnecol 1987;69:554-62.","journal-title":"Obstet Gvnecol"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"269","article-title":"The Pap smear rexisited. -lust 'Z_7 Obstet Gvnaecol","volume":"27","author":"Shield, P.W.; Daunter, B.; WXright, R.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shield PW, Daunter B, WXright RG. 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