{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1789919208575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6670","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]],"date-time":"1989-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":603158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine the relation between neurophysiological abnormalities and the radiological detection of spina bifida occulta in patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. DESIGN--Blind assessment and subsequent decoding of mixed batch of abdominal radiographs from patients with and without urological symptoms for evidence of spina bifida occulta and comparison of results with those of previous control series. SETTING--Review study among tertiary referrals to an incontinence clinic of a city hospital. PATIENTS--One hundred and thirty eight adults with proved urodynamic abnormalities in whom neurophysiological measurements were available. INTERVENTIONS--None. END POINT--Correlation of neurophysiological abnormalities in lower urinary tract dysfunction with presence and type of spina bifida occulta and level of opening of posterior sacral arcs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--On decoding radiographs those from patients without urological symptoms showed a similar prevalence of spina bifida occulta to that in the control series (631\/2707 controls; 23%). By contrast, patients with urological symptoms had a significantly increased prevalence of spina bifida occulta at S1 and S2 and a higher level of opening of posterior sacral arcs. The increased prevalence of the bony defect was particularly striking in men with urgency and instability and in women with stress incontinence. No significant correlation was found between any particular neurophysiological abnormality and the presence of spina bifida. CONCLUSIONS--In patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract neurophysiological abnormalities may be associated with congenital dysraphic lesions in the lower lumbar spine and sacrum. There appears to be no direct causal relation between the radiological and neurophysiological abnormalities but the findings suggest a common aetiological factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"357-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prevalence of spina bifida occulta in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and its relation to urodynamic and neurophysiological measurements."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fidas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Elton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. D.","family":"Chisholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"624","article-title":"Anomalies of the lumbosacral vertebrae in five hundred and fifty individuals without symptoms referrable to the low back","volume":"64","author":"Southworth, J.D.; Bersack, SR","year":"1950","unstructured":"Southworth JD, Bersack SR. Anomalies of the lumbosacral vertebrae in five hundred and fifty individuals without symptoms referrable to the low back. AJR 1950;64:624-34.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Cunningham's textbook ofanatomy","author":"RomainesGJ","unstructured":"RomainesGJ, ed. Cunningham's textbook ofanatomy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981:98."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Spina bifida occulta","author":"James, C.C.M.; Lassman, L.P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"James CCM, Lassman LP. Spina bifida occulta. London: Academic Press, 1981."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_4","first-page":"11","article-title":"Incidence of spina bifida occulta in relation to age. AMA J7ournal of Diseases of'Children","volume":"91","author":"Sutow, W.W.; Pryde, A.W.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Sutow WW, Pryde AW. Incidence of spina bifida occulta in relation to age. AMA J7ournal of Diseases of'Children 1950;91:2 11-7."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420250209","article-title":"Pathogenesis ofcongenital tumors and malformations in the sacrococcygeal region","volume":"25","author":"Lemire, R.J.; Beckwith, J.B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lemire RJ, Beckwith JB. Pathogenesis ofcongenital tumors and malformations in the sacrococcygeal region. Teratology 1982;25:201-13.","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"154","article-title":"Minor defects in the sacrum and neurogenic bladder dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"Galloway, N.T.M.; Tainsh, J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Galloway NTM, Tainsh J. Minor defects in the sacrum and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. BrJ7 Urol 1985;57:154-5."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"205","article-title":"Neurophysiological measurement of the voiding reflex arcs in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract","volume":"60","author":"Fidas, A.; Elton, R.A.; McInnes, A.; Chisholm, G.D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fidas A, Elton RA, McInnes A, Chisholm GD. Neurophysiological measurement of the voiding reflex arcs in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. BrJ7 Urol 1987;60:205-1 1."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"635","article-title":"Neurophysiological measurements in primary adult enuretics","volume":"57","author":"Fidas, A.; Galloway, N.T.M.; McInnes, A.; Chisholm, G.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fidas A, Galloway NTM, McInnes A, Chisholm GD. Neurophysiological measurements in primary adult enuretics. BrJ7 Urol 1985;57:635-40."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(87)80150-2","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of spina bifida occulta in 2707 normal adults","volume":"38","author":"Fidas, A.; MacDonald, H.L.; Elton, R.A.; Wild, SR, Chisholm; GD, Scott; R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fidas A, MacDonald HL, Elton RA, Wild SR, Chisholm GD, Scott R. Prevalence and patterns of spina bifida occulta in 2707 normal adults. Clin Radiol 1987;38:537-42.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"589","article-title":"es al. rhe prevalence of calcified upper urinary tract stone disease in a random population-Cumbernauld health survey","volume":"49","author":"Scott, R.; Freeland, R.; Mlowat, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Scott R, Freeland R, Mlowat H, es al. rhe prevalence of calcified upper urinary tract stone disease in a random population-Cumbernauld health survey. BrJ7 Urol 1977;49:589-95."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:14:11Z","timestamp":1765260851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6670","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,11]]}}}