{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T19:24:07Z","timestamp":1766690647754,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6689","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,24]],"date-time":"1989-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":614649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To measure the safety and efficacy of antenatal treatment with anti-D immunoglobulin. DESIGN--Open study with historical controls. SETTING--Multicentre study in 17 hospitals in West Yorkshire. PATIENTS--1238 Rh negative women who delivered Rh positive infants after 34 weeks in their first pregnancy in 1980-1 (group 1) and 2000 similar primigravidas from 1978-9 (group 2). Obstetric data were collected for 616 women in group 1 who had a subsequent pregnancy, 536 similar women in group 2, and 410 Rh positive but otherwise similar primigravidas who delivered in the same hospitals in 1978-81 (group C). INTERVENTIONS--Anti-D immunoglobulin 100 micrograms intramuscularly was given at 28 and 34 weeks to the mothers in their first pregnancy who delivered in 1980-1. END POINTS--Detection of anti-D antibody in the first or any subsequent pregnancy in groups 1 and 2. For all three groups having subsequent pregnancies gestation at delivery, birth weight, fetal survival at one month, pre-eclampsia defined as blood pressure greater than 140\/90 on two occasions more than 12 hours apart, and proteinuria greater than 0.25 milligram. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Antenatal immunisation to Rh(D) occurred in six mothers in group 1 and 32 group 2. Most immunisations occurred in the first or second pregnancy. The rates of abortion, gestation at delivery, birth weight, and fetal survival were not significantly different among the three groups. The incidence of pre-eclampsia was lower in mothers given antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS--Antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin is effective, and the effect of giving it in the first pregnancy persists into at least the second pregnancy. It seems to be safe for the fetus in the index and subsequent pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6689.1671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"1671-1673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Efficacy and long term effects of antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"J. G.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Tovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. Who needs Rh immune globulin and when should it be given?","volume":"151","author":"Bowman, J.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bowman JM. Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. Who needs Rh immune globulin and when should it be given? AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:289-94.","journal-title":"AmJ Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"623","article-title":"Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis","volume":"118","author":"Bowman, J.M.; Chown, B.; Mi, Lewis; Poll(ck, J.M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bowman JM, Chown B, Lewis Mi, Poll(ck JM. Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis. Can Med,AssocJ 1978;118:623-7.","journal-title":"Can Med, AssocJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"960","article-title":"Haemolvtic disease of the newborn-the changing scene. BrJ7 Obstet Gvnaecol","volume":"93","author":"Tovey, L.A.D.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tovey LAD. Haemolvtic disease of the newborn-the changing scene. BrJ7 Obstet Gvnaecol 1986;93:960-6."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"50","article-title":"Rh immunization during pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Blaichman, M.; Zipursky, A.; Bartsch, F.R.; Hermann, M.; Eklund, J.; Nevanilinna, H.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Blaichman M, Zipursky A, Bartsch FR, Hermann M, Eklund J, Nevanilinna HR. Rh immunization during pregnancy. Vox Sang 1979;36:50-64.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"244","article-title":"The Yorkshire antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin trial in primigravidae","volume":"ii:","author":"Tovey, L.A.D.; Townley, A.; Stevenson, B.J.; Taverner, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tovey LAD, Townley A, Stevenson BJ, Taverner J. The Yorkshire antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin trial in primigravidae. Lancet 1983;ii:244-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198010163031610","article-title":"Rh Immunoprophylaxis: is antepartum therapy desirable?","volume":"303","author":"Nusbacher, J.; Bove, JR","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nusbacher J, Bove JR. Rh Immunoprophylaxis: is antepartum therapy desirable? N Engl1J Med 1980;303:935-7.","journal-title":"N Engl1J Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91898-X","article-title":"Should anti-D immunoglobulin be given antenatally?","volume":"ii:","author":"Tovey, G.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tovey GH. Should anti-D immunoglobulin be given antenatally? Lancet 1980;ii:466-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90248-5","article-title":"Cost implications of routine antenatal administration of Rh immune globulin","volume":"149","author":"Adams, M.M.; Marks, J.S.; Kaplan, J.P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Adams MM, Marks JS, Kaplan JP. Cost implications of routine antenatal administration of Rh immune globulin. Am 7 Obstet Gvnecol 1984;149: 633-8.","journal-title":"Am 7 Obstet Gvnecol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"749","article-title":"Preventing rhesus isoimmunization. Antepartum Rh immune globulin prophylaxis versus a sensitive test for risk identification","volume":"146","author":"Hensleigh, P.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hensleigh PA. Preventing rhesus isoimmunization. Antepartum Rh immune globulin prophylaxis versus a sensitive test for risk identification. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;146:749-55.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30920-5","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of antepartum prevention of Rh immunisation","volume":"11","author":"Torrance, G.W.; Zipursky, A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Torrance GW, Zipursky A. Cost-effectiveness of antepartum prevention of Rh immunisation. Clin Perinatol 1984;11:267-81.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90606-4","article-title":"Controversies in Rh prophylaxis","volume":"153","author":"Hensleigh, P.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hensleigh PA. Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;153: 112.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90606-4","article-title":"Controversies in Rh prophylaxis","volume":"153","author":"Bowman, J.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bowman JM. Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1985;153: 112-3.","journal-title":"AmJ Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"225","article-title":"Risks of prophylactic anti-D immunoglobulin after second-trimester amniocentesis. 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Low concentration red cell antibodies. III. Cold IgG anti D in pregnancy, incidence and significance. 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