{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T17:52:27Z","timestamp":1766339547970,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6690","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]],"date-time":"1989-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":615254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to see whether the use of a computer to issue prescriptions in conjunction with a computerised, customized drug formulary affects prescribing costs. Data on prescribing costs were obtained from the Scottish Prescription Pricing Bureau for 1978-87. A microcomputer system was introduced into the practice in 1983 and used initially to issue repeat prescriptions, but from 1985 onwards a new system was added to issue all prescriptions; a personal computerised drug formulary was developed in 1983. Personal prescribing costs before and after computerisation were compared with those of the other partners and those of the Lothian Health Board and Scotland combined. The prescribing costs of the partners and Lothian Health Board and Scotland combined increased almost linearly in line with inflation from 1978 to 1987. Personal prescribing costs increased steadily until 1983, when repeat prescriptions were issued by computer, and remained static for a year. Thereafter they increased steadily until 1985, when all prescriptions were issued by computer, and then showed a steady and sustained fall. Personal prescribing costs were 21.5% lower than those of the partners in 1986 and 29.5% lower in 1987. Prescribing costs were reduced when a computer was used to issue all prescriptions in conjunction with a personal, computerised formulary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"28-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prescribing costs when computers are used to issue all prescriptions."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"J. B.","family":"Donald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Introducing a drug formulary to general practice-effects on practice prescribing costs","volume":"37","author":"Beardon, P.H.; Brown, S.V.; Mowat, D.A.; Grant, J.A.; McDevitt, D.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beardon PH, Brown SV, Mowat DA, Grant JA, McDevitt DG. Introducing a drug formulary to general practice-effects on practice prescribing costs. J R Coll Gen Pract 1987;37:305-7.","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prescribing-a suitable case for treatment","volume":"24","author":"Harris, C.M.; Jarman, B.; Woodman, E.; White, P.; Fry, J.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Harris CM, Jarman B, Woodman E, White P, Fry JS. Prescribing-a suitable case for treatment. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners [Occasional Paper] 1984;24:1-39.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners [Occasional Paper]"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Information systems for general practitioners for quality assessment","volume":"291","author":"Fraser, R.C.; Gosling, J.T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fraser RC, Gosling JT. Information systems for general practitioners for quality assessment. II. Information preferences of the doctors. Br Med J 1985;291: 1544-6.","journal-title":"II. Information preferences of the doctors. Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"701","article-title":"Ten years' prescribing costs at Aldermoor Health Centre","volume":"231","author":"Field, J.; Freeman, G.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Field J, Freeman GK. Ten years' prescribing costs at Aldermoor Health Centre. Practitioner 1987;231:701-4.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"654","article-title":"Prescribing in general practice and the provision of drug information._7 R Coll Gen Pract","volume":"31","author":"Hamley, J.G.; Brown, S.V.; Crooks, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hamley JG, Brown SV, Crooks J. Prescribing in general practice and the provision of drug information._7 R Coll Gen Pract 1981;31:654-60."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"284","article-title":"Prescribing-a case for prolonged treatment","volume":"35","author":"Harris, C.M.; Fry, J.; Jarman, B.; Woodman, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Harris CM, Fry J, Jarman B, Woodman E. Prescribing-a case for prolonged treatment. J R Coll Gen Pract 1985;35:284-7.","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"937","article-title":"On line prescribing by computer","volume":"292","author":"Donald, J.B.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Donald JB. On line prescribing by computer. BrMedJ7 1986;292:937-9."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"General practice computing-evaluation of the \"Micros for GPs\" schemte","author":"Group, Project Evaluation","year":"1985","unstructured":"Project Evaluation Group. General practice computing-evaluation of the \"Micros for GPs\" schemte. London: HMSO, 1985."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"196","article-title":"Comparison of prescribing costs within a group practice","volume-title":"BrMedJ7","volume":"1","author":"Baumgard, L.; Frank, P.; Shearer, K.; Rees, J.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Baumgard L, Frank P, Shearer K, Rees JA. Comparison of prescribing costs within a group practice. BrMedJ7 1984;289:1 196-7."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"A prescription for change","author":"Fitter, M.J.; Gardner, JR, Herzmark; GA, Robinson; D, Jones; R.V.H.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fitter MJ, Gardner JR, Herzmark GA, Robinson D, Jones RVH. A prescription for change. London: HMSO, 1986."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_11","first-page":"129","article-title":"Generic alternatives in general practice","volume":"288","author":"Anderson, R.J.; Reilly, P.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Anderson RJ, Reilly PM. Generic alternatives in general practice. Br MedJ 1984;288:1 129-31.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"365","article-title":"Doctors' knowledge of the cost of common medications","volume":"11","author":"Rowe, J.; MacVicar, S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rowe J, MacVicar S. Doctors' knowledge of the cost of common medications. Journal of Clinical Hospital Pharmacy 1986;11:365-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Hospital Pharmacy"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T07:26:36Z","timestamp":1765265196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6690","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6690.28","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-8138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]}}}