{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:28:45Z","timestamp":1774571325731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6699","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,2]],"date-time":"1989-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":620697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine whether rates of road traffic accidents were higher in diabetics treated with insulin than in non-diabetic subjects. DESIGN--Controlled, five year retrospective survey. SETTING--Diabetic, dermatology, and gastroenterology outpatient clinics. PATIENTS--596 Diabetics treated with insulin (354 drivers) aged 18-65 attending two clinics and 476 non-diabetic outpatients (302 drivers). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of accidents in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS--A self completed questionnaire was used to record age, sex, driving state, and rates of accidents and convictions for motoring offences among diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. For the diabetic volunteers further information was obtained on treatment, experience of hypoglycaemia, and declaration of disability to the Driving and Vehicle Licensing Centre and their insurance company. Accident rates were similar (81 (23%) diabetic and 76 (25%) non-diabetic drivers had had accidents in the previous five years). A total of 103 diabetic drivers had recognised hypoglycaemic symptoms while driving during the previous year. Only 12 reported that hypoglycaemia had ever caused an accident. Overall, 249 had declared their diabetes to an insurance company. Of these, 107 had been required to pay an increased premium, but there was no excess of accidents in this group. CONCLUSIONS--Diabetic drivers treated with insulin and attending clinics have no more accidents than non-diabetic subjects and may be penalised unfairly by insurance companies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6699.591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"591-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Motor vehicle driving among diabetics taking insulin and non-diabetics."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"A. B.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"McKane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Oklahoma's medically restricted drivers. A study of selected medical conditions","volume":"66","author":"Davis, T.G.; Wehling, E.H.; Carpenter, R.L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Davis TG, Wehling EH, Carpenter RL. Oklahoma's medically restricted drivers. A study of selected medical conditions. Oklahoma State Medical Association J7ournal 1973;66:322-7."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"The safety of drivers with chronic disease","volume":"23","author":"Ysander, L.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Ysander L. The safety of drivers with chronic disease. Br J Ind Med 1966;23:28-36.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1989.tb02101.x","article-title":"Type I diabetes and driving experience: an eight yeaF cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Eadington, D.W.; Frier, B.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eadington DW, Frier BM. Type I diabetes and driving experience: an eight yeaF cohort study. Diabetic Med 1989;6:137-41.","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/3001616","article-title":"Some methods for strengthening the common Chi squared tests","volume":"10","author":"Cochran, W.G.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Cochran WG. Some methods for strengthening the common Chi squared tests. Biometrics 1954;10:417-51.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.9.701","article-title":"Motor vehicle accidents and IDDM","volume":"11","author":"Songer, T.J.; La Porte, R.E.; Dorman, J.S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Songer TJ, La Porte RE, Dorman JS, et al. Motor vehicle accidents and IDDM. Diabetes Care 1988;11:701-7.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"586","article-title":"Hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetic drivers","volume-title":"BrMed3","volume":"281","author":"Clarke, B.; Ward, J.D.; Enoch, B.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Clarke B, Ward JD, Enoch BA. Hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetic drivers. BrMed3 1980;281:586."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"405","article-title":"Diabetics and motorway crashes","volume":"ii:","author":"Leyshon, G.E.; Elliott, R.W.; Lyons, J.; Francis, H.W.S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Leyshon GE, Elliott RW, Lyons J, Francis HWS. Diabetics and motorway crashes. BrMedJ7 1972;ii:405.","journal-title":"BrMedJ7"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"\"189","article-title":"The diabetic driver","volume":"8","author":"Lasche, E.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lasche EM. The diabetic driver. Diabetes Care 1985;8:189-91. 1 1 Haunz EA, Brosseau JD. Non-warning hypoglycemia in drivers with diabetes. Am Fam Pl'vsician 1984;30:189-97.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care; Non-warning hypoglycemia in drivers with diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"202","article-title":"The controversy ouer insulin-treated diabetics holding a heavy goods vehicle licence","volume":"3","author":"jM, Steel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steel jM. The controversy ouer insulin-treated diabetics holding a heavy goods vehicle licence. Practical Diabetes 1986;3:202."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5584.75","article-title":"Medical factors and road accidents","volume":"7","author":"Grattan, E.; Jeffcoate, G.O.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Grattan E, Jeffcoate GO. Medical factors and road accidents. Br Med J7 1968;i:75-9.","journal-title":"Br Med"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"37","article-title":"Sudden illness as a cause of motor vehicle accidents","volume":"23","author":"Herner, B.; Smedby, B.; Ysander, L.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Herner B, Smedby B, Ysander L. Sudden illness as a cause of motor vehicle accidents. Brjlnd Med 1966;23:37.","journal-title":"Brjlnd Med"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"45","article-title":"Diabetic motor-vehicle drivers without driving-licence restrictions","volume":"409","author":"Ysander, L.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ysander L. Diabetic motor-vehicle drivers without driving-licence restrictions. Acta ChirScand[Supplj 1970;409:45-53.","journal-title":"Acta ChirScand[Supplj"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Driving and insulindependent diabetes","volume":"i:","author":"Frier, B.M.; Steel, J.M.; Miatthews, D.M.; Duncan, L.J.P.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Frier BM, Steel JM, Miatthews DM, Duncan LJP. Driving and insulindependent diabetes. Lancet 1980;i: 1232-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"A comparison ofthe British number plates and Snellen vision tests for car driving","author":"Drasco, M.; Haggerty, C.M.","year":"676.)","unstructured":"Drasco M, Haggerty CM. A comparison ofthe British number plates and Snellen vision tests for car driving. Crowthorne: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1977. (Research report RF 676.)"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"134","article-title":"Medical aspects of fitness to drive","volume-title":"Day JL. The diabetic handbook: insulin dependent diabetes","author":"Diabetes, Keen H.; Britain, Great; London","year":"1985","unstructured":"Keen H. Diabetes: Great Britain, London. Medical aspects of fitness to drive. London: HMSO, 1985. (D.8893958\/80 ml9\/85.) 19 Day JL. The diabetic handbook: insulin dependent diabetes. 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