{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:18:30Z","timestamp":1765268310081,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6702","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,23]],"date-time":"1989-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":622512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine the source of indigenous sporadic infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. DESIGN--Case-control study of primary sporadic cases identified by the Public Health Laboratory Service between 1 August and 30 September 1988. SETTING--PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Division of Enteric Pathogens, 11 PHLS laboratories, and 42 local authority environmental health departments in England. SUBJECTS--232 Patients (cases) with confirmed primary sporadic infection, for 160 of whom (88 female) (median age 30 years, age range 4 months to 85 years) data were obtained by questionnaire about consumption of fresh eggs, egg products, precooked chicken, and minced meat in the three days and one week before onset of the symptoms. Up to three controls, matched for neighbourhood, age, and sex (if aged greater than 11 years), were asked the same questions for the same calendar period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Association of primary sporadic infection with consumption of suspected food items. RESULTS--Illness due to S enteritidis phage type 4 was significantly associated with consumption of raw shell egg products (homemade mayonnaise, ice cream, and milk drinks containing eggs) (matched p = 0.02) and shop bought sandwiches containing mayonnaise (matched p = 0.00004) or eggs (matched p = 0.02). Illness was also significantly associated with eating lightly cooked eggs (unmatched p = 0.02), but not soft boiled eggs, and precooked hot chicken (matched p = 0.006). Reported consumption of eggs was not appreciably different between cases and controls before or after the median date of interview. CONCLUSIONS--Fresh shell eggs, egg products, and precooked hot chicken are vehicles of S enteritidis phage type 4 infection in indigenous sporadic cases. Public health education and reduction in contamination of eggs and infection of poultry with S enteritidis are needed to reduce the incidence of human infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6702.771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"771-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Case-control study of infections with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in England."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"J. M.","family":"Cowden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"O'Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Mawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Statistical analysis of case-control studies of communicable diseases","volume":"15","author":"Tillett, H.E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tillett HE. Statistical analysis of case-control studies of communicable diseases. IntJ7 Epidemiol 1986;15:126-33."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Food poisoning due to eggs. Br MedJ7 1930","author":"Scott, W.M.","unstructured":"Scott WM. Food poisoning due to eggs. Br MedJ7 1930;ii: 56-9."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"124","article-title":"A family outbreak of Salmonella thompson infection","volume":"18","author":"Broomhead, C.L.; Mann, P.E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Broomhead CL, Mann PE. A family outbreak of Salmonella thompson infection. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and Public Health Laboratorv Service 1959;18:124-7.","journal-title":"Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and Public Health Laboratorv Service"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720140023028","article-title":"The emergence of grade A eggs as a major source of Salmonella enteritidis infections","volume":"259","author":"ME, St Louis; DL, Morse; ME, Potter","year":"1988","unstructured":"St Louis ME, Morse DL, Potter ME, et al. The emergence of grade A eggs as a major source of Salmonella enteritidis infections. JAMA 1988;259:2103-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"839","article-title":"Investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis associated with consumption of eggs in a restaurant chain in Maryland","volume":"128","author":"Feng-Ying, C.L.; Morris, J.E.; Trump, D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Feng-Ying CL, Morris JE, Trump D. 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Epidemiol Infect","author":"Cowden, J.M.; O'Mahonv, M.; Bartlett, C.L.R.","key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Cowden JM, O'Mahonv M, Bartlett CLR, et al. A national outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT124 caused by contaminated salami sticks. Epidemiol Infect (in press)."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"99","article-title":"Large outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 49 in mayonnaise","volume":"298","author":"Mitchell, E.; O'Mahony, M.; Lynch, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mitchell E, O'Mahony M, Lynch D, et al. Large outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 49 in mayonnaise. BrMedJ 1989;298:99-101.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"},{"article-title":"The sursisal of salmonellas in shell eggs cooked under simulated domestic conditions. Epidemiol Infect","author":"Humphrey, T.J.; Greenwood, M.; Gilbert, R.J.; Rowe, B.; Chapman, P.A.","key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Humphrey TJ, Greenwood M, Gilbert RJ, Rowe B, Chapman PA. The sursisal of salmonellas in shell eggs cooked under simulated domestic conditions. Epidemiol Infect (in press)."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.55.10.1622","article-title":"Destruction of salmonellae in hard boiled eggs","volume":"55","author":"Licciondello, J.J.; Nickerson, J.T.R.; Goldblith, S.A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Licciondello JJ, Nickerson JTR, Goldblith SA. Destruction of salmonellae in hard boiled eggs. AmJ Public Health 1965;55:1622-8.","journal-title":"AmJ Public Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0621211","article-title":"Survival of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in eggs cooked by different methods","volume":"62","author":"Baker, R.C.; Hogarty, S.; Poon, W.; Vadehra, D.V.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baker RC, Hogarty S, Poon W, Vadehra DV. Survival of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in eggs cooked by different methods. Poult Scti 1983;62:1211-6.","journal-title":"Poult Scti"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"350","article-title":"Salmonella enteritidis infection in broilers and broiler breeders. 'et","volume":"123","author":"Lister, S.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lister SA. Salmonella enteritidis infection in broilers and broiler breeders. 'et Rec 1988;123:350.","journal-title":"Rec"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"351","article-title":"Salmonella enteritidis in a commercial layer flock","volume":"123","author":"Hopper, S.A.; Miawer, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hopper SA, Miawer S. Salmonella enteritidis in a commercial layer flock. l'et Rec 1988;123:351.","journal-title":"l'et Rec"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800067303","article-title":"Poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in England and Wales","volume":"100","author":"GC, Humphrey T.I.J.Mead; B, Rowe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Humphrey TIJ Mead GC, Rowe B. Poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in England and Wales. 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