{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T19:49:00Z","timestamp":1766692140865,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6703","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]],"date-time":"1989-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":623116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To assess the feasibility and acceptability of screening young children for iron deficiency in a deprived inner city practice and to assess the effects of a programme of dietary education. DESIGN--Prospective study of children in general practice, comparison with historical controls. SETTING--A deprived inner city practice. PATIENTS--127 Children aged 13-24 months. Findings were compared with those in 110 children of the same age studied previously. INTERVENTIONS--All mothers received dietary education antenatally and in the first year after giving birth. Screening for iron deficiency (defined as mean cell volume less than 75 fl and haemoglobin concentration less than 105 g\/l) and haemoglobinopathy (when appropriate) was offered for all children attending for immunisation against measles, mumps, and rubella over 12 months; capillary blood samples were taken after immunisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Uptake of the screening programme expressed as the percentage of all children eligible for immunisation who were screened, and the effectiveness of the dietary education as shown by the prevalence of iron deficiency in the two groups. RESULTS--Altogether, 122 of the 127 (96%) children who attended for immunisation had their haemoglobin concentration and mean cell volume measured; 90% of all children aged 13-24 months in the practice were screened. Dietary education, clinical procedures, and counselling were incorporated successfully into the clinic's work. Ten children (8%) were iron deficient, all of whom responded to iron supplements, and eight had a haemoglobinopathy trait. In the previous study 110 children (70%) had been screened and 28 children (25%) had been iron deficient. The two groups were similar in terms of sex, social class, and ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS--Screening young children for iron deficiency, sickle cell disease, and thalassaemia when they attended for immunisation was acceptable and successful in a socially deprived inner city practice. Dietary education may have accounted for some of the reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency that occurred over the two years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"838-840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Preventing iron deficiency in preschool children by implementing an educational and screening programme in an inner city practice."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Male","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Oakhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Anaemia and child health surveillance","volume":"61","author":"Illingworth, R.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Illingworth RS. Anaemia and child health surveillance. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:1 151-2.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400120095033","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia: have wc come f; ar enough?","volume":"258","author":"Stockman, J.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stockman JA. Iron deficiency anaemia: have wc come f;ar enough? JAMA 1987;258:1645-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"23","article-title":"Behavioral aspects of iron deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Lozoff, B.; Brittenham, G.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lozoff B, Brittenham GM. Behavioral aspects of iron deficiency. Prog Hematol 1985;14:23.","journal-title":"Prog Hematol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"84958","article-title":"Treatment with iron increases weight gain and psychomotor developmettt","volume":"61","author":"Aukett, M.A.; Parks, Y.A.; Scott, P.H.; Wharton, B.A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Aukett MA, Parks YA, Scott PH, Wharton BA. Treatment with iron increases weight gain and psychomotor developmettt. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:84958.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2 1","key":"ref_5","article-title":"TIhe effects of therapy on the developmental scores of iron-deficient infants","volume":"92","author":"Oski, F.A.; Honig, A.S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Oski FA, Honig AS. TIhe effects of therapy on the developmental scores of iron-deficient infants. 7 Pediatr 1978;92:2 1."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"351","article-title":"The effects of short-term oral iron therapy on developmental deficits in iron-deficient anemic infants","volume":"100","author":"Lozoff, B.; Brittenham, G.M.; Viteri, F.E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lozoff B, Brittenham GM, Viteri FE, et al. The effects of short-term oral iron therapy on developmental deficits in iron-deficient anemic infants. ] Pediatr 1982;100:351."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.6.877","article-title":"Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in non-anemic, iroin-deficient infants","volume":"71","author":"Oski, F.A.; Honig, A.S.; Helu, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Oski FA, Honig AS, Helu B, et al. Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in non-anemic, iroin-deficient infants. Pediatrics 1983;71:877.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"98 1","key":"ref_8","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia and iron therapy effects on infant des-elopmental test performance","volume":"79","author":"Lozoff, B.; Brittenham, G.M.; Wolf, A.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lozoff B, Brittenham GM, Wolf AW, et al. Iron deficiency anemia and iron therapy effects on infant des-elopmental test performance. Pediatrics 1987;79:98 1.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"34","article-title":"chhildren: a programme for child health surveillance","author":"Hall D)MPI. Health for all","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hall D)MPI. Health for all chhildren: a programme for child health surveillance. Oxford: Oxford Miedical l'ublishers, 1989:34-6."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"250","article-title":"Iron deficiencv in inner-city pre-school children: development of a general practice screening programme.]","volume":"38","author":"James, J.; Evans, J.; Miale, P.; Pallister, C.; Hendrikz, J.; Oakhill, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"James J, Evans J, Miale P, Pallister C, Hendrikz J, Oakhill A. Iron deficiencv in inner-city pre-school children: development of a general practice screening programme.] R Coll (;en Pract 1988;38:250-2."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"856","volume":"i:","author":"James, J.A.; Clark, C.; Rossdale, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"James JA, Clark C, Rossdale M. Child care in the community. Lancet 1986;i:856.","journal-title":"Child care in the community. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.3.437","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of anemia in the United States, 1976 to 1980","volume":"39","author":"P'R, Dallman; R, Yip; C, Johnson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dallman P'R, Yip R, Johnson C. Prevalence and causes of anemia in the United States, 1976 to 1980. Am] Clitn Nutr 1984;39:437.","journal-title":"Am] Clitn Nutr"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Declining prevalence of anemia among low iticome children in the United States","volume":"258","author":"Yip, R.; Binkin, N.J.; Fleshood, L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yip R, Binkin NJ, Fleshood L, et al. Declining prevalence of anemia among low iticome children in the United States. ]AMA 1987;258:1619-23.","journal-title":"]AMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.80.3.330","article-title":"Declining prev-alence ol anemia in a middle-class society. A pediatric success story?","volume":"80","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yip R, Walsh KM, (Goldfarh MG, Binkin NJ. Declining prev-alence ol anemia in a middle-class society. A pediatric success story? Pediatrics 1987;80: 330-4.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"article-title":"Impact of the WIC programme on the iron stattis of inf'ants","author":"Miller, V.; Sevanev, S.; Deinard, A.","key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Miller V, Sevanev S, Deinard A. Impact of the WIC programme on the iron stattis of inf'ants. IPediatrics 1985;75:100."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Oxford Medical Engineerring Series. \"Anaesthetic and Extracorporcal Gas Transfer.\"","volume-title":"x+ 274; figs; \u00a335","author":"PI'p, K.L.Dorrington; 0-19-857632-3","year":"1989","unstructured":"Oxford Medical Engineerring Series. \"Anaesthetic and Extracorporcal Gas Transfer.\" K L Dorrington. PI'p x+ 274; figs; \u00a335.) Oxford: Clarendon IPress, 1989. ISBN 0-19-857632-3. Techniques of Regional Anaesthesia. D B Scott. (Pp 224; colour plates; \u00a369.) Connecticut: Appleton and Lange\/ Mediglobe, 1989. Distributed by Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-8385-8844-1."},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"(Pp 12; colour plates; \u00a340.)","author":"Husain, A.N.; Butler, E.B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"A N Husain, E B Butler. (Pp 12; colour plates; \u00a340.) London: Wolfe Miedical, 1989. ISBN 0-72340913-7."},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"TPp viii t 200; \u00a39.95 paperback.) Edinbuirgh","volume-title":"0-44303296-3. i'l Professional Nurse Clinical Skills Series. Trhoracic Surgery.\" M1 A Foss. (Pp v'ii+ 168; figs; \u00a315 paperback","author":"Case Histories Jor the FRCS. L C Barr, 1\\ R Pittam","year":"1989","unstructured":"Case Histories Jor the FRCS. L C Barr, 1\\ R Pittam. TPp viii t 200; \u00a39.95 paperback.) Edinbuirgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989. ISBN 0-44303296-3. i'l Professional Nurse Clinical Skills Series. Trhoracic Surgery.\" M1 A Foss. (Pp v'ii+ 168; figs; \u00a315 paperback.) London: Cornish, 1989. ISBN 1-870065-08-5."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:10:49Z","timestamp":1765267849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6703","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6703.838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-8138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,30]]}}}