{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:55:47Z","timestamp":1790934947169,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6705","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]],"date-time":"1989-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":624326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that smoking increases the risk of sensitisation by occupational allergens. DESIGN--Historical prospective cohort study. SETTING--Platinum refinery. SUBJECTS--91 Workers (86 men) who started work between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1974 and whose smoking habit and atopic state (on skin prick testing with common allergens) had been noted at joining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Results of skin prick tests with platinum salts carried out routinely every three to six months and records of any respiratory symptoms noted by the refinery's occupational health service. Follow up was until 1980 or until leaving refinery work, whichever was earlier. RESULTS--57 Workers smoked and 29 were atopic; 22 developed a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and 49 developed symptoms, including all 22 whose skin test result was positive. Smoking was the only significant predictor of a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and its effect was greater than that of atopy; the estimated relative risks (95% confidence interval) when both were included in the regression model were: smokers versus non-smokers 5.05 (1.68 to 15.2) and atopic versus non-atopic 2.29 (0.88 to 5.99). Number of cigarettes smoked per day was the only significant predictor of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION--Smokers are at increased risk of sensitisation by platinum salts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"939-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Smoking and occupational allergy in workers in a platinum refinery."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"K. M.","family":"Venables","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Dally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Nunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Farrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. V.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. G.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Newman Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"In the past workers in refineries had a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms,\"'\" and asthma and rhinitis remain current problems.'\" The present study was possible because of the introduction of skin prick tests with common environmental allergens into the pre-employment medical examination in a refinery, which started in 1973 as an objective test for atopy; from 1975 atopic workers were excluded from refinery work.\" A preliminary study of the 1973-4 cohort showed an increased incidence of occupational allergy in atopic workers but did not examine smoking","unstructured":"In the past workers in refineries had a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms,\"'\" and asthma and rhinitis remain current problems.'\" The present study was possible because of the introduction of skin prick tests with common environmental allergens into the pre-employment medical examination in a refinery, which started in 1973 as an objective test for atopy; from 1975 atopic workers were excluded from refinery work.\" A preliminary study of the 1973-4 cohort showed an increased incidence of occupational allergy in atopic workers but did not examine smoking."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200502","article-title":"Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens","volume":"320","author":"Burrows, B.; Martinez, F.D.; Halonen, M.; Barbee, R.A.; Cline, M.G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burrows B, Martinez FD, Halonen M, Barbee RA, Cline MG. Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens. N EnglJ7 Med 1989;320:271-6.","journal-title":"N EnglJ7 Med"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"201","article-title":"Interaction of smoking and atopy in producing specific IgE antibody against a hapten protein conjugate","volume":"290","author":"Venables, K.M.; I'opping, M.D.; Howe, W.; Luczynska, C.M.; Hawkins, R.; raylor AJ, Newman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Venables KM, I'opping MD, Howe W, Luczynska CM, Hawkins R, Newman raylor AJ. Interaction of smoking and atopy in producing specific IgE antibody against a hapten protein conjugate. BrMAedJf 1985;290:201-4.","journal-title":"BrMAedJf"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6301.1215","article-title":"Another smoking hazard: raised serum IgE concentration and increased risk of occupational allergy","volume":"283","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zetterstrom 0, Osterman K, Machado L, Johansson SGO. Another smoking hazard: raised serum IgE concentration and increased risk of occupational allergy. Br MedJ 1981;283:1215-7.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90256-2","article-title":"Occupational asthma in snow crab-processing workers","volume":"74","author":"Cartier, A.; Malo, J.-L.; Forest, F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cartier A, Malo J-L, Forest F, et al. Occupational asthma in snow crab-processing workers. 7 Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:261-9.","journal-title":"7 Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1976.tb01897.x","article-title":"Immediate (type I) allergic responses to platinum compounds","volume":"6","author":"Cleare, M.J.; Hughes, E.G.; Jacoby, B.; Pepys, J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cleare MJ, Hughes EG, Jacoby B, Pepys J. Immediate (type I) allergic responses to platinum compounds. Clin Allergy 1976;6:183-95.","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01528.x","article-title":"Cromwell 0, Hughes EG. Passive transfer in man and the monkey of type I allergy due to heat labile and heat stable antibody to complex salts of platinum","volume":"9","author":"Pepys, J.; P'arish, W.E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pepys J, P'arish WE, Cromwell 0, Hughes EG. Passive transfer in man and the monkey of type I allergy due to heat labile and heat stable antibody to complex salts of platinum. Clin Allergy 1979;9:99-108.","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01303.x","article-title":"Hughes EG. Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents-complex salts of platinum","volume":"2","author":"Pepys, J.; Pickering, C.A.C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Pepys J, Pickering CAC, Hughes EG. Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents-complex salts of platinum. Clin Allergv 1972;2:391-6.","journal-title":"Clin Allergv"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"460","article-title":"7The, diseases oJ occupations","author":"Hunter, D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hunter D. 7The,diseases oJ occupations. 6th ed. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1978:460-3.","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/30.1.27","article-title":"Medical surveillance of platinum refinerv workers","volume":"30","author":"Hughes, E.G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hughes EG. Medical surveillance of platinum refinerv workers. 7 Soc Occup Med 1980;30:27-30.","journal-title":"7 Soc Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"92","article-title":"Asthma caused by the complex salts of platinum","volume":"2","author":"Hunter, D.; Milton, R.; Perry, K.M.A.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Hunter D, Milton R, Perry KMA. Asthma caused by the complex salts of platinum. Br7 Ind Med 1945;2:92-8.","journal-title":"Br7 Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. Occupaitsonal asthma","year":"1981","unstructured":"Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. Occupaitsonal asthma. Loildoln: HIMISO, 1981. (Cmnd 8121."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ilnmune atid inflammatorv f'unction in cigarette smokcrs. 'Ihtorax","volume":"42","author":"1'i, Holt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Holt 1'i. Ilnmune atid inflammatorv f'unction in cigarette smokcrs. 'Ihtorax 1987;42:24 1-9."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"719","article-title":"Bliagini RE \\too rman Wj, Lewis 'R, Bernxsteini IL. Ozoioe enlhanicmcit of' platinuim asthma in a primate modcl-Am Ri'v Rspir l)is","volume":"134","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bliagini RE \\too rman Wj, Lewis 'R, Bernxsteini IL. Ozoioe enlhanicmcit of' platinuim asthma in a primate modcl-Am Ri'v Rspir l)is 1986;134:719-25."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"686","article-title":"OCCuipational asthmali","volume":"133","author":"Nu, Cliani-Ycung; lam S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cliani-Ycung Nu, lam S. OCCuipational asthmali. Ani Rev Respir Dis 1986;133: 686-7(3.","journal-title":"Ani Rev Respir Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:16:50Z","timestamp":1765268210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]}}}